SECTION XI-XIII

1. SECTION XI-XIII Scope: Section XI-XIII covers chapters 50-70.

2. Objectives • At the end of this lesson participants will be able to; • Describe scope of the Sections XI-XIII and Chapters 50-70 • Explain the arrangement of sections and chapters • Apply section and chapter notes

3. SPECIAL FEATURE • Note 7(c ) to Section XI defines the term “made up” as follows: For purposes of this section the expression “made up” means: Cut to size and with at least one heat sealed edges with visibly tapered or compresses border and other edges treated as described in any sub paragraph of this note but excluding fabrics the cut edges of which have been prevented from unravelling by hot cutting or by simple means.

4. Terminologies… • Crocheting: Is the process of creating fabric from yarn using one hook by pulling loops through other loops and wrapping the material round the hook one or more times. • Fabric: Any cloth woven or knitted from fibres. • Felt or Felting: Non-woven fabric made by layering thin sheets of carded wool fibres, then applying heat, moisture and pressure to shrink and compress the fibres into a thick matted cloth that will not ravel or fray.

5. Cont … • Fibres: are fine substances (natural or synthetic) used for making yarn or fabrics. • Filament: is a fibre of indefinite or extreme length, some of them miles long. • Fleece: wool from one sheep, either as it comes from the animal or after it is rolled into a bundle and tied.

6. Cont … • Jute: vegetable bast fibre often used for basketry and coarse weavings. • Knitting: is the process by which thread or yarn is turned into cloth by pulling loop from existing loop using two or more needles • Linen: is the term used for fabric made from flax. • Nylon: The generic term for man-made fibres composed of polyamides derived from coal and petroleum.

7. Cont … • Polyester: A manufactured fibre made from long-chain synthetic polymers. • Rayon: A generic term for man-made fibres composed of regenerated cellulose derived from trees, cotton and woody plants. • Silk: The product of the silkworm which produces cocoon thread of indefinite length but exceedingly fine and lustrous. Continuous protein filament produced by the larvae of various insects, especially the caterpillar when constructing its cocoon. • Sisal: A vegetable fibre that is made into strong, coarse twine. It is used for binder twine.

8. Cont … • Synthetic Fibre Synthetic fibres are organic compounds of high molecular weight and are formed by polymerization. • Weaving: is the process of making cloth, rugs, blankets among others by crossing two set of thread over and under each other. • Wool: The fine, soft, curly hair that forms the fleece of sheep and certain other animals, characterized by minute, overlapping surface . • Yarn: A continuous strand of textile fibres that may be composed of endless filaments or shorter fibres twisted or otherwise held together.

9. SECTION XI This Section covers Textiles & articles thereof (Includes chapters 50 to 70). The section consists of two parts: • Chapter 50-55 covers materials, yarn and woven fabrics according to their nature. • Chapter 56-63 are special woven fabrics, articles

10. 1. General information about textile1-2Category about materials of textile silk,(50) wool (51) Animal fabrics Natural fabrics Vegetable fabrics cotton,(52) flax(53) ←They are not classified Section XI. (e.g. Chapter 68) Asbestos fibers textile artificial fibers e.g. rayon Man-made fabrics(54,55) Synthetic fibers e.g. nylon, polyester inorganic fibers ←They are not classified Section XI. (e.g. Chapter 70, etc)

11. Animal fabrics chap 50/51 Woven fabric of silk Heading 50.07 Silk-worn cocoons Heading 50.01 Yarn spun from silk waste, not for retail sale: Heading 50.05 Wool not carded or combed Heading 51.01 Woven fabric of wool Heading 51.11 Yarn of wool, put for retail sale Heading 51.09

12. 5208 woven cotton fabrics • 5208 woven cotton fabrics • 08 woven Vegetable fabrics chap 52/53 52.01 Cotton, not carded or combed 52.07 Cotton yarn put up for retail sale 52.08 woven cotton fabrics 53.09 Woven fabrics of flax 53.01 Flax, raw or processed but not spun 53.06 Flax multiple yarn NB. Other vegetable fibres are hemp (53.02), jute(53.03), sisal(53.04) and coconut(53.05)

13. Man made filaments chap 54 • Man-made textile materials are subject of Chapter 54 – (filaments) • Man made fibres is defined by Note 1 to chapter 54. • Synthetic fibre is defined by Note 1a to Chapter 54 example: Nylon, polyamides, polyesters, polypropylene. • Artificial fibre is defined by Note 1b to chapter 54 example: rayon, acetate

14. Chapter 55 Chapter 55 – (man made staple fibres). • Chapters 55 to 60 covers various categories of textile articles or special textile like: Wadding, felt and non-wovens; special yarns, twine cordage, ropes, cables and articles thereof.

15. Wadding & special yarn

16. Chapter 56 • twine, cordage, ropes and cables and certain articles of these materials

17. Structure Cont. •  Chapter 57 carpets & textile floor coverings. Chapter 58 – special woven fabrics, tufted textile fabric, lace, tapestries trimmings, and embroidery.

18. Chapter 58 Examples: • lace; • tapestries; • trimmings;

19. Chapter 58 • embroidery

20. Chapter 59 & 60 • Chapter 59 – impregnated, coated, covered or laminated textile fabrics and textile articles of a kind suitable for industrial use. • Chapter 60 – knitted or crocheted fabrics.

21. Chapter 61 & 62 Chapter 61 Deals with knitted or crocheted articles of apparel and clothing accessories. • Chapter 62 • Deals with apparel and clothing accessories not knitted or crocheted of Made up articles.

22. Chapter 63 This chapter is subdivided into three sub-chapters; • Other made up textile articles, Examples: Blankets, Bed linen, Curtains, Mosquito nets and Jute bags. • Certain sets of fabric and yarn put up in packing for retail sale. • Worn clothing and worn textile articles and rags.

23. SECTION XII • Footwear, headgear, umbrellas, sun umbrellas,walking-sticks, seat-sticks, whips, riding-crops and partsthereof; prepared feathers and articles made therewith;artificial flowers; articles of human hair. • This section covers 4 chapters (64 to 67).

24. CHAPER 64 Scope: • Footwear of various materials and functions. • Gaiters and the like together with their parts . • Chapter note 1 specifies foot wear not included in chap 64

25. CHAPTER 65 This chapter covers : • Hats and other headgears of all kinds, irrespective of the materials of which they are made of and their intended use. • It also covers hair nets of any material and certain specified fittings for headgear.

26. CHAPTER 66 This chapter covers : • umbrellas, • sun umbrellas of all kinds: • ceremonial umbrellas, • umbrella tents, café, market, garden and similar umbrellas regardless of the materials of manufacture.

27. CHAPTER 67 This Chapter covers : • prepared feathers and down together with certain articles made from feathers or down, • artificial flowers and articles of human hair

28. SECTION XIII • This section covers articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, mica or similar material; ceramic products, glass and glassware. • It contains three chapters: Chap 68 - Articles of stone, plaster ... Chap 69 - Ceramic products Chap 70 - Glass and glassware

29. Chapter 68 • This chapter covers articles of stone, plaster, cement, mica, or similar materials. • Note 1 to this Chapter excludes: quartzite, flint, dolomite, steatite and other natural stones covered in heading 68.02

30. Chapter 69 The chapter covers ceramic articles which have been fired by shaping. Most of these products and articles are obtained by operations like shaping and moulding. Chapter note 2 lists articles not included in this chapter.

31. Chapter 70 • This chapter covers : • Glass in all forms and articles of glass other than goods excluded by note 1 to this chapter or covered more specifically by other headings of the Nomenclature. • Note 5 of the chapter defines glass as fused quartz and other fused sillica.

32. THE END