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The Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution. Readings : Smith, et al., 902-904, 932-934. Peter Builds New Capital. Nicholas I (1825-1855). Hated Industrial Revolution and French Revolution Wanted to make world safe for autocracy Fought against progress in Russia and Europe. Decembrists. Revolt against czarism

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The Russian Revolution

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  1. The Russian Revolution Readings: Smith, et al., 902-904, 932-934

  2. Peter Builds New Capital

  3. Nicholas I (1825-1855) • Hated Industrial Revolution and French Revolution • Wanted to make world safe for autocracy • Fought against progress in Russia and Europe

  4. Decembrists • Revolt against czarism • Put down • Revolutions of 1848 • Most of Europe but Russia has some form of democracy • Economy remains backward

  5. Alexander II (1855-1881) • Son of Nicholas I. • One of better czars – interested in reform • Emancipated the serfs in 1861

  6. Alexander III (1881-1894) • Increased the repressive powers of the police • Limited the power of the local assemblies • Pograms against anyone who was not Russian

  7. Nicholas II (1894-1917) Wrong man, wrong time Little interest in government

  8. Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) • Imperialistic Conflict over Korea and Manchuria • Russia trying to ward off rebellion

  9. Bloody Sunday-January 22, 1905 • Began in St Petersburg • Disaster of Russo-Japanese War revealed corruption and incompetence of czar • Created Duma, limited economic reform

  10. World War I/ Rasputin • Had control over the Tsar Nicholas II and the Tsarina • Was murdered in December 1916 • World War I was a disaster.

  11. The Revolutions of 1917 • February Revolution (March 8, 1917) • Czar Nicholas Abdicates

  12. Kerensky forms Provisional Government

  13. Lenin Arrives at Finland Station

  14. How Do Bolsheviks Get Power? • Lenin arrives in Petrograd (St. Petersburg)—April 16. 1917 • Lenin calls for armed insurrection —Oct. 16, 1917 (Russian Calendar) • October Revolution begins, October 24, 1917 (Russian Calendar) • November 6, 1917 (Western European Calendar) • Lenin, Trotsky and Stalin

  15. Treaty of Brest Litovsk—March 3, 1918 • Lost 32% of the land • Lost Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania • Much of the Ukraine • Much of Belarussia

  16. Creation of Soviet Union • Civil War, 1918-1921 • “Reds” vs “Whites” • “Reds” (Bolsheviks, Communists) under Lenin win • Supported by peasants, national/ethnic groups • New Economic Plan • Nationalization of banks and heavy industry, limited ownership of small businesses • Lenin dies 1923

  17. Power Struggle after Lenin’s Death and Stalin’s Rule • Forced collectivization • “The Great Famine” • “The Great Terror” • Purges • Gulag

  18. Contemporary Problems • Cold War with US from 1945-1991 • Mikhail Gorbachev’s Glasnost allowed • Democracy to Emerge • Perestroika—socialism not possible in capitalist world • Resigns December 25, 1991 • End of Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War

  19. Boris Yeltsin • Problems: • Economy was a mess • Workers not paid • National Debt • IMF and World Bank Money to Cronies • Politics a Mess

  20. Today in Russia and the Former Soviet Union • A weak Boris Yeltsin names Vladimir Putin, former KGB agent, Premier then President • New President Dmitri Medvedev, but Putin still makes many decisions

  21. Today’s Russia (continued) • Ethnic groups want autonomy or Independence • Putin has destroyed Chechnya • Reports of rapes and pillage • Nationalists want powerful Soviet Union • Questions still needing answers

  22. Russian Revolution: Who Won, Who Lost? • Losers • Poorest peasants • Traditional Russian upper classes • Many of those in traditional Russian middle classes • Those killed or imprisoned because of oppressive regime • Jews, Muslims • Other ethnic minorities (maybe) • Russian Economy • Russian Democracy • Winners • Communist Party • Some Workers • Massive Literacy Project—all those who learn to read and write • Vastly improved health care—all those who lived longer and healthier • Women

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