TRAUMA INFORMED CARE &

1. TRAUMA SENSITIVE SCHOOLS TRAUMA INFORMED CARE & Developing Student and Staff Resiliency Through Education and Mindfulness Andy Campbell Summit Ridge Academy Lee’s Summit R-7 School District & Nicky Nickens UCM

2. What is Trauma? “Trauma is an Emotional or Psychologicalinjury, usually resulting from an extremely stressful or life‐threatening situation rendering the person temporarily helpless, and breaking past ordinary coping and defense mechanisms.” (Childhood Traumas: An Outline and Overview)

3. What is Trauma? “Traumatization occurs when both internal and external resources are inadequate to cope with external threat.”(Van der Kolk, 1999)

4. Trauma = Loss

5. Traumas may be single events: • the loss of a parent • a violent domestic crime • a destructive act of nature • Traumas may be ongoing horrific acts: • repeated sexual abuse • a pattern of adult-on-child violence • exposure to repeated conflict in the home • Traumas may be chronic and the result of circumstances: • homelessness • generational poverty • foster care placement • (Children and Trauma, 2008)

6. What Is Trauma Informed Care? • Realizes the widespread impact of trauma and understands potential paths for recovery • Recognizes the signs and symptoms of trauma in clients, families, staff, and others involved with the system • Responds by fully integrating knowledge about trauma into policies, procedures, and practices • Seeks to actively resist re-traumatization

7. Trauma’s Impact By the Numbers • 60% of adults report experiencing abuse or other difficult family circumstances during childhood. • 26% of children in the United States will witness or experience a traumatic event before they turn four. • Young children exposed to five or more significant adverse experiences in the first three years of childhood face a 76% likelihood of having one or more delays in their language, emotional or brain development. -Recognize Trauma - http://www.recognizetrauma.org/statistics.php

8. Trauma’s Impact By the Numbers • Nearly 14% of children (0-17) repeatedly experienced maltreatment by a caregiver, including nearly 4% who experienced physical abuse.  • More than 60% of youth age 17 and younger have been exposed to crime, violence and abuse either directly or indirectly. -Recognize Trauma - http://www.recognizetrauma.org/statistics.php

9. Trauma’s Impact By the Numbers • 67.5% of children had experienced or witnessed at least one form of violence, crime, or abuse within the prior year • 50% had more than one exposure • 15% had six or more exposures • Approximately 21% of America’s children live in families with incomes below the federal poverty level (Finkelhor, Turner, Shattuck, and Hamby (2015)

10. Trauma’s Impact By the Numbers • Each year, approximately 2.5 million children are homeless in America (Broman, 2017) • 57% of homeless children experience at least one day each month without food • almost 50% of children in shelters report conflict with and/or physical harm at the hands of a family member (Finkelhor, Turner, Shattuck, and Hamby (2015)

11. The Next Generation of Trauma First-hand traumatic experiences were the primary traumatic influence of previous generations of students. Today’s students experience first-hand traumas in addition to virtual, reported, broadcast, and perceived traumas. National Dropout PreventionCenter (2018) • A Kaiser Family Foundation study estimated a daily average of: • 5.5 hours of media use for children ages 8-10 • 8.75 of media use for children ages 11-14 • 8 hours of media use for children ages 15-18

12. National Alliance on Mental Health: https://www.nami.org/Learn-More/Mental-Health-By-the-Numbers

13. The Good News . . .

14. The Neurobiology of Trauma

15. Early Brain Development is the Foundation for All Learning “Both brain architecture and developing skills are built ‘from the bottom up,’ with simple circuits providing the scaffolding for more advanced circuits and skills over time.” -Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University (2007) http://www.developingchild.Harvard.edu

16. Stress Stressis a mental, physical, or biochemical response to a perceived threat or demand. - natural and inevitable part of childhood - the type, frequency, or duration of the stress is what makes the difference

17. Stress: 3 Types

18. Toxic Stress Toxic Stress occurs when a person is exposed to frequent high levels of excessive stress that cause the body to exist in a heightened state of stress response - can hinder a child’s physical, emotional, social, academic, and cognitive development

19. Toxic Stress Derails Healthy Development “If a child is pre-occupied with fears or anxiety or is dealing with considerable stress, no matter how intellectually-gifted that child may be, his or her learning is going to be impaired by that kind of emotional interference.” -Jack P. Shoukoff: Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University http://www.developingchild.Harvard.edu

20. https://www.naccchildlawblog.org/child-welfare-law/what-does-it-mean-to-be-trauma-informed/https://www.naccchildlawblog.org/child-welfare-law/what-does-it-mean-to-be-trauma-informed/

21. Human Stress Response

23. Think About Him . . .

24. “The stress hormones of traumatized people . . . take much longer to return to baseline and spike quickly and disproportionately in response to mildly stressful stimuli. . . This can result in behavioral outbursts or incidents that are typically viewed as defiant and disorderly.” (Van der Kolk, 2015)

25. “The fear response is deeply ingrained in the human brain. Under threat of any kind — hunger, thirst, pain, shame, confusion, or too much, too new or too fast — we respond in ways to keep us safe. Our minds will focus only on the information that is, at that moment, important for survival. Fear kills curiosity and inhibits exploration.” -Dr. Bruce Perry- “Creating an Emotionally Safe Classroom”

26. So What Have We Learned? “This is a brain issue . . . not a behavior issue.” -The Trauma-Informed School (2016)

27. The ACE’s Study

28. The ACE’s Study The Relationship of Adverse Childhood Experiences to Adult Health Status (ACE’s) Original Study took place between 1995-1997 as a collaborative effort of Kaiser Permanente and the Centers for Disease Control • Vincent J. Felitti, M.D. • Robert F. Anda, M.D. www.acestudy.org

29. What Are The ACE’s https://www.selfactualizeme.org/ace-study//

30. How Common Are ACE’s? https://www.advocatesforhealthinaction.org/adverse-childhood-experiences/

32. The ACE’s Catch ACEs don’t occur alone . . . If an individual experiences 1 ACE the likelihood they experience two or more goes up by 87% ACEs Science 101 - https://acestoohigh.com/2013/05/13/nearly-35-million-u-s-children-have-experienced-one-or-more-types-of-childhood-trauma/

33. ACE’s Impact By the Numbers With an ACE score of 4 or more: • 32X more likely to develop learning/behavior problems • 4X more likely to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) • 5X more likely to develop depression • 7X more likely to consider themselves alcoholic • 10X more likely to use illicit drugs • 12X more likely to attempt suicide ACEs and Child Trauma Leave Lasting Scars (2016) http://www.rawhide.org

34. ACE’s Impact By the Numbers With an ACE score of 6 or more: • Died 20 years earlier than those without ACE’s ACE’s cost the Economy $124 Billion over the lifetime of those affected by ACE’s • $83.5 Billion in Productivity Loss • $25 Billion on Healthcare ACEs and Child Trauma Leave Lasting Scars (2016) http://www.rawhide.org

35. Mindfulness Intentional awareness and curious, nonjudgmental acceptance of thoughts, feelings, sensations, and events as they happen

37. Contact Information Andy Campbell – Principal Summit Ridge Academy Lee’s Summit R-7 School District 2620 SW Ward Rd LEE’S SUMMIT, MO 64082 (816) 986-4126 andy.Campbell@lsr7.net