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全球成就鴻溝. The Global Achievement Gap. 計畫主持人 ： 東尼華格納 教育改變領導小組 哈佛大學 , 教育學院 tony_wagner@harvard.edu www.gse.harvard.edu/clg www.schoolchange.org. 「 問題的形成過程往往比解決方案更關鍵 」 -- 愛因斯坦. “ The formulation of the problem is often more essential than the solution . ” Einstein.
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全球成就鴻溝 The Global Achievement Gap 計畫主持人：東尼華格納 教育改變領導小組 哈佛大學, 教育學院 tony_wagner@harvard.edu www.gse.harvard.edu/clg www.schoolchange.org
「問題的形成過程往往比解決方案更關鍵 」--愛因斯坦 “The formulation of the problem is often more essential than the solution.” Einstein What is the “crisis” education really all about—what’s the “problem”? 什麼是教育的「危機」？ 「問題」為何？
The New Educational Challenges-1 新的教育挑戰-1 • NEW SKILLS for Work, Learning & Citizenship in a “knowledge society” for ALL STUDENTS • Convergence of skills needed for careers, college, citizenship • Students lacking skills relegated to marginal employment & citizenship • 在知識經濟的時代中，所有學生都需要的「工作」、「學習」 與「社會公民」的新技能 • 職業、大學及社會公民所需的整合能力 • 學生欠缺最低限度的就業與社會公民的能力
The New Educational Challenges-2 新的教育挑戰-2 Re-Framing the Problem: Reform vs. Reinvention We do not know how to teach ALL students NEW skills. This is a new education challenge that requires development of new accountability structures, different ways of teaching and testing, and new ways of working together and with our students. 重新解構問題: 重新構築 VS. 重新發明 我們並不知道如何教育所有學生新的技能。這是一個新的教育挑戰，因為我們需要與學生建立新的信賴架構、 不同的教學及測驗方式、 以及與其他教師與學生的全新工作思維 • The “Net Generation” is differently motivated to learn 「網路世代」具有不同的學習動機
The Seven Survival Skills for Careers, College, And Citizenship-1 • Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving 1. 批判思考與解決問題 2.Collaboration Across Networks and Leading by Influence 2.跨界合作與以身作則的領導 3.Agility and Adaptability 3.靈活與適應力 from The Global Achievement Gap: Why Even Our Best Schools Don’t Teach The New Survival Skills Our Children Need—And What We Can Do About It, by Tony Wagner (Basic Books, 2008)
未來職場、大學及社會公民的七種生存能力-2 5.Effective Oral and Written Communication 5.口語和文字溝通能力 • Initiative and Entrepreneurialism • 4.主動進取和創業家精神 6.Accessing and Analyzing Information 6.評估和分析資料能力 7.Curiosity and Imagination 7.好奇心與想像力
什麼是「全球成就鴻溝」? What is The “Global Achievement Gap”? The Global Achievement Gap is the gap between what even our best schools are teaching and testing 全球成就鴻溝就是現在學校- 甚至是我們最好的學校-所教育的與測驗的Versus The skills all students will need for careers, college, and citizenship in the 21st century 所有學生在二十一世紀的職場、大學及 身為一個社會公民所需的生存能力
What Motivates The “Net” Generation?-1 「網路世代」的學習動機為何?-1 • Accustomed to instant gratification and “always-on” connection • 習慣於快速的滿足及隨時隨地的連線 • Use the web for 1) extending friendships, 2) interest-driven, self-directed learning, and 3) as a tool for self-expression • 使用網路於：1)拓展朋友網絡 2)興趣使然及自我引導的學習 3)自我表達的工具
What Motivates The “Net” Generation?-2 Less fear and respect for authority—accustomed to learning from peers; want coaching, but only from adults who don’t “talk down” to them 較不害怕與尊敬權威—通常伴隨著同儕互相學習；需要旁人指導，但只希望來自於不會以權威方式與他們溝通的成年人 「網路世代」的學習動機為何?-2 • Constantly connected, creating, and multitasking in a multimedia world—everywhere except in school • 這是一個由時時刻刻的連線、創造、及多媒體所呈現的多工世界—除了學校以外 • Want to make a difference and do interesting/worthwhile work • 想要作一番不同的事，但只做自己有興趣或覺得值得花時間的工作
Some Possible Action Items for Reinventing Education-1 • Help parents and teachers understand the 21st century skills matter most • 讓家長與教師了解，教育學生學習在21世紀生存的技能是更重要 • Usenew tests that measure the skills that matter most • PISA • The College & Work Readiness Assessment • 運用能夠測試重要生存能力的測驗方式 • PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment,學生能力國際評估計畫 ) • The College & Work Readiness Assessment (學術及工作準備評量)
Fund Research and Development of model schools—pictures of what 21st century schooling should look like 贊助研究與發展模範學校—擘畫21世紀的學校體系 Some Possible Action Items for Reinventing Education-2 一些重新發明教育的可能作為-2 • Create opportunities for teachers to work in teams to create new approaches to education • 鼓勵教師進行團隊研究以發展新的教學方式
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