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Plant Structure and Function

Plant Structure and Function. Is It a Stem, Leaf, Root, Flower, Fruit or Seed?. Plant Body. Shoot system = leaves + stem Root system Meristem = cells that divide for life of plant, can give rise to all plant structures. Three Types of Plant Tissues. Vascular Tissue Transport Support

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Plant Structure and Function

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  1. Plant Structure and Function

  2. Is It a Stem, Leaf, Root, Flower, Fruit or Seed?

  3. Plant Body • Shoot system = leaves + stem • Root system • Meristem = cells that divide for life of plant, can give rise to all plant structures

  4. Three Types of Plant Tissues • Vascular Tissue • Transport • Support • Ground Tissue • Synthesis of Sugars • Storage • Support • Dermal Tissue • Protection

  5. Division of Meristem Cells Causes Plant Growth • Apical Meristem • tips of root and shoot • increase in height • Lateral Meristem • cylinders within plant body • increase in width

  6. Blade Petiole Plant Body Leaf = blade + petiole Functions Exposes surface to sunlightMajor site of photosynthesisConserves waterProvides for gas exchange Stoma = opening in the leaf for gas exchange, water evaporation

  7. Conserves water Structures of the Leaf Photosynthesis Transports water and sugar to stem and roots

  8. Xylem conducts water and minerals Phloem transports sugar Plant Body Stem: series of nodes and internodes Functions Holds leaves up to light Transports substances through vascular tissue

  9. Lateral Meristem Causes the Stem to Grow in Width

  10. Wood and Bark are Products of Lateral Meristem

  11. Plant Body Root Functions Anchors plant in soil Takes up water and minerals from soil

  12. Applying Your Knowledge • Apical Meristem • Vascular Tissue • Stem • Leaf • Lateral Meristem • Where is the primary site of photosynthesis in a plant? • Which one is responsible for an increase in plant height? • Which one transports materials throughout the plant?

  13. Flower Mitosis Meiosis Mitosis Pollengrains Ovule Flowering Plant Reproduction • Flowers are modified leaves, specialized for reproduction. • Flower parts undergo meiosis to produce haploid products • pollen grain • ovule (contains egg cell)

  14. Stamen Pistil Male part Produces pollen A Complete Flower Has Both Male and Female Parts Anther Attracts pollinator Filament Stigma Petal Style Sepal Ovary Encloses and Protects Bud Female part Produces egg

  15. Mature PollenGrain Pollination andFertilization in a Flower Sperm Cells Tube Cell Nucleus 1. pollen grainsland on stigma 3B: Fusion of 2ndsperm + twopolar nuclei 2. pollen tubes growdown stigma to ovary Stigma 3. doublefertilization Style Sperm 3A: Fusion ofsperm + egg Ovule Polar nuclei Ovary Egg

  16. Development of Fruit and SeedsFrom Flower Parts Provides nutrition Endosperm Triploid Endosperm Cell FreshFruit Ovary SeedCoat Integument DiploidZygote Embryo(new plant) • Seed = embryo + stored food + seed coat • Fruit = ovary wall, mechanism for seed dispersal

  17. Applying Your Knowledge • Seed • Fruit • Pistil • Anther • Pollen • Which one develops from the ovary wall? • Which one produces pollen? • Which one develops from a fertilized ovule? • What is the name of the female part of the flower?

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