Unit Thirteen

1. Unit Thirteen Ancient Sites of Three Kingdom

2. Ancient Sites of Three Kingdoms Xiaoting---Ancient Battlefield Guan Ling Awe-inspiring Spirit in Changban The Key to Unit Thirteen

3. Yichang, the land where the ancient Three Kingdoms were located, was a hot military (军事的) place in every past dynasty. About 36 stories of the Three Kingdoms took place here. Your trip into Yichang is your trip into the historical drama (戏剧)of the battlefield. It was here that General Zhao Zilong rescued (营救 ) his master alone.

4. It was here that General Zhang Fei bellowed（大声吼叫）with rage to break the bridge and made the water flow backward. It was here that General Guan Yu lost the city after the heavy defeat (失败) and ran to Mai Town .It was here that seven hundred miles of the barracks（兵营）were burned in the Yiling Battle.……Long history gives Yichang rich tour resources.

5. Xiaoting Ancient Battlefield in Yichang countryside is located in the mountains and cliffs (悬崖) on both banks of the river. It was contended (争夺) by armies in the past dynasties. More than 10 battles broke out there .The most famous battle was Yiling Battle between Wu and Shu in the Three Kingdoms Period.

6. Changban Po Ancient Battlefield situated in the downtown area of Dangyang was the place where General Zhao Zilong fought against the enemy in the Three Kingdoms Period. It was here that General Zhao Zilong dashed into the enemy alone, and after the hard fight against the enemy, he finally rescued Mrs Gan and her son Liu Chan. From then on, the battlefield got famous together with the brave hero.

7. The General Guan’s Cemetery, the Yuquan Temple in Danyang and Huima Po in Yuan’an are the places about General Guan Yu.The Three Kingdoms Book said: Guan Yu lost the city of Jinzhou for his recklessness (大意) and went to Mai Town in the year of 24 of Jian’an. King Sun Quan of Wu caught and killed him at Huima Po of Yuan’an, and then King Sun Quan sent his head to King Caocao and buried his body in Dangyang.

8. Long history and rich culture make Yichang, the land where the ancient Three Kingdoms were located, more beautiful and more mysterious. 夷陵长江大桥夜景

9. 玉泉寺铁塔 back

10. 荆州洈水湖

11. 今 日 猇 亭 back

12. 三 国 胜 地 三国故地宜昌,乃历代兵家必争之地,三国故事36回在这里演义。走进宜昌，就走进了金戈铁马的历史话剧，在这里赵子龙单骑救主，张飞喝断桥梁水倒流，在这里关羽失城后败走麦城，夷陵之战火烧连营七百里……悠悠历史留给宜昌丰富的旅游资源。 宜昌城郊的猇亭古战场雄踞峡口，南北两岸悬崖峭壁，是历代兵家必争之地，曾在此发生过十多次战争，最为著名的是三国时期吴蜀之间的夷陵之战。

13. 位于当阳市中心市区的长坂坡古遗址，乃三国时赵子龙与敌人作战之地，赵子龙在此冲进敌军单骑救出甘夫人及幼主刘禅,从此该地与这位勇敢的英雄名扬天下。 当阳关陵庙、玉泉寺以及远安回马坡，则是与关羽有关之地。《三国志》载：建安二十四年，关羽大意失荆州，败走麦城。孙权于远安县回马坡擒关羽，斩关羽,“权送羽首于曹公”，“葬其尸骸”于当阳。 三国故地宜昌，悠久的历史、丰富的文化底蕴使其更壮丽，更神秘。 back

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19. Passage 1 Xiaoting--Ancient Battlefield

20. The historical famous scenic spot, as well as the important ruin of the Three Kingdoms Period, located in the southeast of Yichang, Hubei Province and the north bank of the Yangtze River, is the first pass and the east gate of the Three Gorges. From the city of Yichang, about 15 kilometers to the east along the Yangtze River is the Xiaoting Ancient Battlefield of the Three Kingdoms Period.

21. The origin of the name of the place -Xiaoting, is related to a story of the Three Kingdoms Period. In 208 AD, General Zhang Fei was sent here to be the governor of Yidu County. One day, when he visited the Huya Shoal here, he saw the torrential current, the cliffs and bluffs, and the submerged reefs make here a perfect place for strategic place. Then, he ordered the craftsmen to build a pavilion here.

22. Before the completion of the construction, he came here again for inspection. When he saw some figures of strange animals which looked like both of the tigers and dogs were engraved on the principal railings, he was very angry and asked the craftsmen what they were. The craftsmen were terribly frightened. They showed resourcefulness in an emergency and answered it was “Xiao”, the tiger posing like being hunting for food.

23. The figure was engraved for showing General’s invincible might. Satisfied with the answer, Zhang Fei laughed and ordered the people to engrave two characters of “Xiao Ting” on the pavilion. From then on, here was named “Xiao Ting” and it became famous. Located in a very important location, it was a place where the military must fight for, as well as the place where tens of battles took place.

24. The most famous battles which took place here included Xiaoting Battle that dominated the fate of Shu Kingdom in the Three Kingdoms Period, Jiangguan Battle of the Sui Dynasty and Suoqiao Battle of West-Jin Period. The battlefield is located in the back of mountain and faces the Yangtze River, and the terrain is very perilous. There are hundreds of landscapes which are the mimicked ancient battles of the ancient time.

25. The Huya Shoal along the Yangtze River is the first shoal to enter the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, where shoals and rapids are dangerous and high .There is a 1500 meters long ancient path on the cliff near the Huya Shoal. It looks like a great dragon lying on the cliff and forms the most unique scenery .Walking on this ancient path and looking into the distance of the south of the Yangtze River, some famous scenery including the Fairy Bridge and the General’s Cap will come clearly into view. .

26. Xiaoting Ancient Battlefield is the starting point of Three Gorges and also the famous history relic. 建在猇亭的三峡机场

27. back Xiaoting---Ancient Battlefield

28. New Words invincible a 不可战胜的 might n. 力量,权势dominate v. 支配,统治,控制 terrain n. 地形，地貌perilous a 危险的,危急的 mimick v. 模仿，修复rapids n. （河的）急流unique a 独特的，独一无二的 relic n. 遗迹 ruin n. 遗址 torrential a 急流的,湍流的cliff n. 悬崖，峭壁 bluff n. 悬崖，陡岸submerge v. 浸没，淹没 reef n. 礁 strategic a 战略性的,战略上的 pavilion n. 凉亭，亭子engrave v. 雕刻resourcefulness n. 足智多谋

29. key key Exercises: I. Answer the questions: 1. Where is the Xiaoting Ancient Battlefield? 2. What was the name “Xiaoting” from? 3. What did “Xiao” look like ? 4. Which were the most famous battles there? 5. Which is the most unique scenery of the Xiaoting Ancient Battlefield? Can you describe it in oral?

30. key II. Decide the statements True or false: 1. The Xiaoting Ancient Battlefield is located in the southeast of Yichang and the south bank of the Yangtze River. ( ) 2. General Zhang Fei liked the strange animal “Xiao” because it looked very beautiful. ( ) 3. Xiaoting Battle dominatedthe fate of Shu Kingdom. ( ) 4. There are hundreds of real landscapes of the ancient time. ( ) 5. The Huya Shoal where shoals and rapids are dangerous is the first shoal to enter the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. ( )

31. key III. Multiple choices: 1. Xiaoting Ancient Battlefield is______ A. located on the north bank of the Yangtze River B. in the centre of Yichang City. C. on a mountain D. in the Three Gorges 2. Which of the following is not true? A. The craftsmen named the strange animal Xiao B. Xiao looked like both of the tigers and dogs C. Zhang Fei named the strange animal Xiao D. Zhang Fei ordered the people to engrave two characters of “Xiao Ting” on the pavilion

32. key 3. Which battle didn’t take place at Xiaoting? A. Xiaoting Battle B. Chibi Battle C. Jiangguan Battle of the Sui Dynasty D. Suoqiao Battle of West-Jin 4. There are many scenic spots in Xiaoting Ancient Battlefield except_____ A. the Fairy Bridge B. the General’s Cap C. the Huya Shoal D. Hundreds Birds Garden 5. Xiaoting Ancient Battlefield is famous because_______ A. it is a perfect place for strategic place. B. many important battles took place there. C. there are hundreds of landscapes there. D. All of the above

33. Translation: 猇亭古战场 中国历史名胜，同时也是三国时期的重要遗迹——猇亭古战场，位于湖北省宜昌市东南，长江北岸，为“三峡”东大门，入峡第一关。从宜昌市区出发，沿江东行约15公里，便到了三国猇亭古战场。 “猇亭”这一地名的由来于一个三国故事。公元208年， 三国蜀将张飞任宜都郡太守。有一天他来到虎牙滩下，看见这里江水湍急,悬崖峭壁，暗礁丛生，便令工匠在此修一座亭子。

34. 在亭即将竣工之前，张飞前来视察，只见亭的栏杆上刻有动物的图案，形似虎类犬，张飞看后，勃然大怒，责问工匠此为何物，工匠吓得浑身发抖，忽然急中生智答道：此乃虎猎食时的姿态，名为猇，是显示将军的神威。张飞随即转怒为笑，命人在亭中刻上“猇亭”二字。猇亭因此而得名，流传至今。在亭即将竣工之前，张飞前来视察，只见亭的栏杆上刻有动物的图案，形似虎类犬，张飞看后，勃然大怒，责问工匠此为何物，工匠吓得浑身发抖，忽然急中生智答道：此乃虎猎食时的姿态，名为猇，是显示将军的神威。张飞随即转怒为笑，命人在亭中刻上“猇亭”二字。猇亭因此而得名，流传至今。 猇亭古战场位置重要，乃历代兵家必争之地，曾在此地发生的战事有几十次之多。最为著名的如三国时期决定蜀国命运的猇亭之战，隋朝的江关之战，西晋的索桥之战等等。

35. 猇亭古战场依山临江，地势险峻。现修复古战场昔日雄姿的景观有百余处。 沿江的虎牙滩，是进入长江三峡的第一滩，滩险浪高。在虎牙滩江边的绝壁上，有一条长达1500多米的古栈道，它象一条巨龙横卧在悬崖峭壁之间，形成了古战场最富有特色的景观，漫步古栈道，遥望江南，仙人桥，将军帽等景观历历在目。 猇亭古战场是长江三峡之旅的起点，也是著名的历史遗址。 back

36. Passage 2 Guan Ling

37. From the city of Dangyang, 2 kilometers drive west along the Hedang Road you will come to Guan Ling. Guan Ling in Dangyang where the body of General Guan Yu was buried is one of the three biggest Guan Yu’s Temples in China. It has been there for more than 1700 years. Guan Yu, also named Guan Yunchang, was born in Jiezhou, Yuncheng, Shanxi Province. He was the best of the five brave generals of the Shu Kingdom. In his whole life, he was intrepid and loyal to his king .

38. In the thousands years from his death till now, his loyalty is respected by all the Chinese in the world. From the Song Dynasty, he was piously worshiped by the Confucianism, the Buddhism, the kings in the past dynasties, and even the common people. In the Buddhism, Guan Yu was conferred the Jialan Saint. In the Song Dynasty, he was entitled the King of Martial Art and Safety. In the Ming Dynasty, he was granted the title of the Martial Saint.

39. In the Qing Dynasty, he was greatly adored by the people as Saint King Guan Yu integrating the loyalty, braveness, martial art, mercy, and the dignity. Obviously, as the Martial Saint, in the world of Chinese, he was as well-known as the Literal Saint, the Confucius. And, as a King entitled by the people, he was as important as the other kings in the past dynasties. All these nowadays could be well found out in the Guan Ling.

40. Guan Ling, covering about 5 hectares land, was built symmetrically along a middle line according to the king’s cemetery standard. His tomb was a round earth mound about 7 meters high, and 70 meters in perimeter. The sacrifice pavilion in front of the tomb mound was built in Nan Song Dynasty. The gate and the road were built in the Yuan Dynasty. And all the other constructions in the cemetery were built in the Ming Dynasty.

41. In recent years, the cemetery has been expanded and reconstructed for several times to take on a whole new look. From the front to the rear parts along the middle line, the cemetery consists of the following constructions including Saint Road Pavilion, the Stone Torii, the Sanyuan Gate, the Horse Hall, the Pilgrimage Hall, the Main Hall, the Bedding Hall, and the Mausoleum.

42. On two sides, there are ornamental columns, the Bell Towers, the Drum Towers, the Stele Gallery, the Dining Hall, the Laizhi Room, the Saint Image Pavilion, Baizi Temple, the Qisheng Palace, the Buddhist Hall, and the Chunqiu Cabinet. Around the cemetery, the king cemetery style walls were built with red painting and yellow tile. There are totally 3 places of Guan Yu’s Cemetery in the nation now.

43. The first is called “Guan Miao” in Guan’s hometown, the Yiguan Zhong of Jiezhou, Shanxi Province. The second is called “Guan Lin” in Luoyang of Henan Province, which is also said it is the place where Guan’s head was buried. The third one is the Guan Ling in Dangyang, the only one built according to the strict standard of the Kings’ mausoleum. A stele written “Overawe Hua Xia” was bestowed by the King Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty.

44. Notes: 1.the Jialan Saint 伽蓝神 2. the King of Martial Art and Safety 武安王 3. the Martial Saint武圣人 4. the Literal Saint文圣 5. Confucius孔子

45. New Words: dignity n. 尊贵，高尚symmetrically ad.对称地,匀称地 mound n. 土堆，石堆 sacrifice n. 祭品，供品 rear n. 后部，后面 pilgrimage n. 朝圣，参拜圣地mausoleum n. 陵墓 ornamental a 装饰的，美化的drum n. 鼓 stele n. 古代的墓碑 tile n. 瓦片，瓷砖 bestow v. 把…赠予 intrepid a. 勇敢的，无畏的piously ad. 虔诚地 worship v. 崇拜，敬神Confucianism n. 儒家Buddhism n. 佛教 confer v. 授予，赠给 saint n. 圣人,道德崇高的人 entitle v. 给（某人）权利（或资格） adore v. 崇拜； 爱慕，热爱integrate v. 使合并,使一体化mercy n. 仁慈

46. key key Exercises: I. Answer the questions: 1. What is Guan Ling? Where is it? 2. Who was Guan Yu ? How was his character? 3. How large is Guan Ling? 4. When were the main constructions built? 5. How many cemeteries of General Guan Yu are there? Where are they?

47. key II. Decide the statements true or false: 1. Guan Ling is the cemetery where General Guan Yu’s head was buried. ( ) 2. Cao Cao killed Guan Yu. ( ) 3. Guan Yu was memorized because of his loyalty ( ) 4. The gate and the sacrifice pavilion were built in the Yuan Dynasty. ( ) 5. Guan Ling in Dangyang is the only one built according to the strict standard of the Kings’ mausoleum ( )

48. key III. Multiple choices: 1. Guan Ling is______ A. in Yuquan Temple. B. in the centre of Dangyang city. C. on a mountain D. 2 kilometers drive west from the city of Dangyang 2. In the Ming Dynasty, he was granted the title of ______ A. the Martial Saint B. the King of Martial Art and Safety C. the Jialan Saint. D. Saint King

49. key 3. From the front to the back parts along the middle line, the cemetery consists of ______ A. the Pilgrimage Hall, the Main Hall, the Stele Gallery B. the Saint Image Pavilion, Baizi Temple, the Qisheng Palace C. the Stone Torii, the Sanyuan Gate, the Bedding Hall D. the Horse Hall, the Bell Towers, the Drum Towers 4. Which of the following is true?

50. key A. Guan Yu is respected by all the people in the world. B. Guan Yu was also named Guan Yunchang C. The gate and the road were built in the Ming Dynasty D. A stele written “Overawe Hua Xia” was bestowed to Guan Lin. 5. Which of the following is not Guan Yu’s Cemetery? A. Guan Miao B. Din Ling C. Guan Lin D. Guan Ling