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The Collapse of the Qing dynasty

The Collapse of the Qing dynasty. Conditions in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries. Empress Dowager Ci Xi, who had long resisted change, instituted a number of reforms in education and government Legislative assemblies at the local level Elections for a national assembly

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The Collapse of the Qing dynasty

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  1. The Collapse of the Qing dynasty

  2. Conditions in the late 19th and early 20th centuries • Empress Dowager Ci Xi, who had long resisted change, instituted a number of reforms in education and government • Legislative assemblies at the local level • Elections for a national assembly • Replacement of the civil service examination • Originally a concubine before becoming pregnant with the Emperor’s son

  3. Impact • The reforms did little • Peasants, artisans, and miners were suffering from poorer and poorer living conditions due to increased taxes

  4. Western Influence • China became part of the world economy due to Western Imperialism, but the great amount of these profits went to foreigners • By World War I China had developed manufacturing industries and businesses • Clash in culture between traditional values and western values

  5. The Rise of Sun Yat-sen • Young radical that believed the Qing dynasty was in a state of decay • Sun’s ultimate goal was for China to become a democracy, however it would need to go through stages in order to do so • (1) Military takeover • (2) transitional phase in which revolutionary party prepares people for democratic rule • (3) Constitutional Democracy

  6. Formation of Nationalist Party • Sun unified radical elements from across China and eventually formed the Nationalist Party • He is considered the founder of modern China • Stood for • Nationalism • Democracy • Right to pursue one’s own livelihood

  7. Qing Collapse • Empress Dowager Ci Xi dies and Nationalist party launches an attack • Rebellion receives popular support across China and Qing dynasty collapses

  8. Formation of New Government • Nationalist party did not have the military or political strength to form a new government • General Yuan Shigai agreed to serve as President of the New Republic • Conditions did not change much, however as Yuan tried to set up a new imperial dynasty and essentially launched a dictatorship • When Yuan died, a civil war broke out

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