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Bone Metabolism and Calcium

Bone. Function:Supports the body and protects vital organsReservoir of calcium and phosphateComposition:Calcium, phosphate, magnesium and sodiumHard calcified connective tissue consisting of different types of cells (osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts)Calcified extr

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Bone Metabolism and Calcium

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    1. Bone Metabolism and Calcium

    2. Bone Function: Supports the body and protects vital organs Reservoir of calcium and phosphate Composition: Calcium, phosphate, magnesium and sodium Hard calcified connective tissue consisting of different types of cells (osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts) Calcified extracellular matrix formed mainly of Collagen Osteocalcin (protein) and Osteonectin (glycoprotein)

    3. Types of bone cells There are four cell types Osteoprogenitor cells are proliferating cells appearing on bone surface that differentiate into osteoblasts Osteoclasts are the cells involved in bone resorption (bone breakdown), by releasing lysosomal enzymes. They are large cells that dissolve the bone. They come from the bone marrow and are related to white blood cells. They are formed from two or more cells that fuse together, so the osteoclasts usually have more than one nucleus. They are found on the surface of the bone mineral next to the dissolving bone.

    4. Osteoblasts are cells that synthesize and secrete the osteoid (collagen) and then calcify it. They are the cells that form new bone. They also come from the bone marrow and are related to structural cells. They have only one nucleus. Osteoblasts work in teams to build bone. They produce new bone called "osteoid" which is made of bone collagen and other protein. Then they control calcium and mineral deposition. They are found on the surface of the new bone. Osteocytes are inactive osteoblasts that have completed their function in matrix formation. They are cells inside the bone. Some of the osteoblasts turn into osteocytes while the new bone is being formed, and the osteocytes then get surrounded by new bone. They are not isolated, however, because they send out long branches that connect to the other osteocytes. These cells can sense pressures or cracks in the bone and help to direct where osteoclasts will dissolve the bone.

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