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Shift of urban planning paradigm

Shift of urban planning paradigm. THEO C ENTRISM. Produce theocratic government that combine religious dogmas and political power Replace politheism with monotheism Miths were repalaced by religious dogmas

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Shift of urban planning paradigm

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  1. Shift of urban planning paradigm

  2. THEOCENTRISM • Produce theocratic government that combine religious dogmas and political power • Replace politheism with monotheism • Miths were repalaced by religious dogmas • Social form developed to an authoritarian government (by king/monarchy) backed up by religious authority (priest) • Influence to planning: the growth of AUTHORITARIAN PLANNING

  3. THEOSENTRISM • AUTHORITARIAN PLANNING • CHARACTERISTICS OFAUTHORITARIAN PLANNING • Form: geometric planning • Occurance of long and straight paths/roads • Facade: tend to be uniform • Provide plaza/piaza at the front of monumental building

  4. THEOCENTRISM Karlsruhe Germany • Settlement blocks : square • boulevardand large parks Sumber: Wicaksono, AD. Pelatihan Perencanaaan Kota dan Wilayah, 2006

  5. THEOCENTRISM • Karlruhe Sumber: Wicaksono, AD. Pelatihan Perencanaaan Kota dan Wilayah, 2006

  6. UTOPIANISME • Within the context of planning utopia means “no where land” or dreamland or imagination • SOCIAL UTOPIA • Hyphothesis: human being will be better, hepier, more productive and religious when its social order is changed • Founder:Plato • PHYSICAL UTOPIA • Hyphothesis: human well being will be better, healthier and more satisfying when physical environment is properly designed • Founder of “Physical Utopia”: Thomas More (16th C) Sumber: Wicaksono, AD. Pelatihan Perencanaaan Kota dan Wilayah, 2006

  7. UTOPIANISM • Other Physical Utopia co-founders: • Robert Owen (1824) with his concept “A New View of Sciety • Le Corbusier (20th C) with his preposition “A city made for speed is made for success” • Franks Lloyd Wright (20th C) • Whith his conceot “BroadacreCity” or a larger scale city

  8. UTOPIANISM • The works of Le Corbusier Sumber: Wicaksono, AD. Pelatihan Perencanaaan Kota dan Wilayah, 2006

  9. UTOPIANISM • Le Corbusier

  10. UTOPIANISM

  11. UTOPIANISM • Criticism to UTOPIANISM • Utopia does not clarify the way to achieve such situation • This criticism led to the concept of urban environmental planning • Influence to planning: ROMANTIC PLANNING: • Developed values of humanism that have been undervalued by industrial system and bureaucracy • Humanism are associated with rural values, clean and fresh atmosphere, trees and open space

  12. Garden City ofEbenezer Howard UTOPIANISM

  13. UTOPIANISM • Garden City ofEbenezer Howard

  14. UTOPIANISM • How about in Indonesia? • Grew together with colonialism • As a “copy” of Europe • E.g. • Jogja: Kota Baru area • Bandung: Dago area • Semarang: CandiBaru area • Malang: ijen street and its surrounding area

  15. UTOPIANISM • Alun-alunBunderofMalang

  16. POSITIVISM • 19th was believed as modern development age, known as the century of Positivism • The development was indicated by modern knowledge and positive science. • Founder of Positivisme: August Comte (1798-1857) • The meaning of PositivismeforComte: • Real, refuse metaphysics and teologic, useful for achieving progress, clear and obvious for betterment

  17. POSITIVISM

  18. POSITIVISM • The Meaning of Development for Comte: • Positive movement, movement to higher level and more advance, steering by scientists and industrialists • Influnce to planning: Planning must • Has social reform capacity • Has exact images • Be the blue print of the Planning Board in the formulation of determined programs to achieve • Ensure the implementation of programs without any changes • Tend to technical / engineering works in applying technical standards through master-plan approach

  19. RATIONALISM • Philosophy based on ratio or brain • The source of knowledge is ratio / brainware • Empiric experiences will function to strengthen the rational thinking • All sense of sensation are doubtful, relative, subject to change, and misleading • Working methods used by rationalists were deductive approach

  20. RATIONALISM Descrates Pascal K.Raymond Popper • Rationalists/ proponents: • Rene Descrates (1596-1650) • Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) • Spinoza (1632-1677) • Karl Raymond Popper (1902-1994)

  21. RATIONALISM • The influence to planning • A shift from traditional planning ‘engineering knowledges’ to ‘scientific’ • Social knowledges took part in planning world. • Character of Rastionalism: • Planning is general pattern of thinking and actions • Planning is public activities for community to rationally control and decide the development • The essence of planning is rational thinking for the sake of human being.

  22. PRAGMATISM • Background • Emerged from the objection or no trust to precedented theories • The changes were not led by external thinking but direct empirical experiences • Contents of PRAGMATISM • The truth is searched through praxis experiences • Based on the direct sensations of direct experiences • The goal is BENEFIT

  23. PRAGMATISM William James John Dewey • PROPONENTS: • William James (1842-1910) • John Dewey (1859-1952)

  24. PRAGMATISM • The influence to planning is the emergence of PRAGMATIC PLANNING a s a criticism to procedural planning theory. • Pragmatic Pl. stresses on “market decision-making” • Urban development is fully modified by market mechanism, with less intervention from the government. • Often called as against Theory or against planning • Action is important (getting things done) • Orientation on benefit or function • Planning models were based on market condition than planning theories. • The product of ‘laissez faire’ economic system (free market competition)

  25. FENOMENOLOGY Husserl M.M. Ponty Heidegger • Philosophy of knowledge that pays attention on the phenomena • proponents: • Edmund Husserl (1959-1938) • Max Scheller (1874-1928) • Maurice MerleauPonty (1908-1961) • Martin Heidegger (1889-1976)

  26. FENOMENOLOGY • Basic concepts: • Focused on the actual phenomena • Blending objects with subjects • Human is part of the whole life aspects • Refuse conformity models • Relativity of reality can be understood from the aggregate of individuals

  27. FENOMENOLOGY • The influence of phenomenology to planning: • Disbelieve to holistic general planning (comprehensive planning & positive Planning) • Planning must be oriented to community welfares, not the tools of political interest nor capital interest • Planning must be responsive to support new concensus based on individual interactions • Planner must take roles as agent of change, facilitators, trainers and organizers.

  28. FENOMENOLOGY • Does not start from goals nor objectives, but social criticism to actual condition • Goals are formulated with communities • Based on bottom up process • Ideas must come from societies • Planners facilitate the community to formulate policies, programs, strategies, designs, projects and budgets.

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