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SYNTHESIZING THE EVIDENCE Grading the Evidence

SYNTHESIZING THE EVIDENCE Grading the Evidence. Overview. Understand how question type relates to strength of evidence Review Evidence Pyramid Learn how to use CEBM Evidence Table Practice grading the evidence. DEFINITION: SYNTHESIS.

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SYNTHESIZING THE EVIDENCE Grading the Evidence

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  1. SYNTHESIZING THE EVIDENCEGrading the Evidence

  2. Overview • Understand how question type relates to strength of evidence • Review Evidence Pyramid • Learn how to use CEBM Evidence Table • Practice grading the evidence

  3. DEFINITION: SYNTHESIS SYNTHESIS: Bring together the underlying ideas and influences within each study; to create a new whole (clearer understanding). Simplify to the essential core elements.

  4. Sifting The Evidence • As you sift through the evidence articles that you have found, you will want to grade them based upon their quality so that you are using only the best studies. • Levels of Evidence (LOEs) must be assigned to every article in your reference list. This is done for your benefit and for that of editorial team. • Assigning LOEs can be tricky work in some cases, even for the most experienced of authors and editors. Move through the steps that follow, and discuss with your co-author and assistant editor when you have any uncertainty.

  5. Synthesis Part 1: Begin with the Question Type

  6. Question Type Relates to Evidence Strength

  7. Refer Back to the Pyramid, if in Doubt Go back to the Evidence Pyramid and identify the TYPE of study reported in each article. Meta-Analysis Systematic Reviews Randomized Control Trials Cohort Studies Case-Control Studies Case Series Expert Opinion

  8. Now Grade the Evidence • Levels of Evidence (LOEs) are assigned to each reference using the CEBM tables. www.cebm.org • The type of QUESTION directs you to the COLUMN. • The type of STUDY guides you to the ROW and LOE. • The CEBM table is online at www.cebm.netand in the handouts section of this module.

  9. CEBM Table: Levels of Evidence (LOE)

  10. LOE Examples: Grading the References • Read the abstracts that follow and assign them each of them a level of evidence based on the CEBM tables that we have discussed. • These abstracts are also available in the handout section of this module.

  11. LOE Examples: Grading the References

  12. LOE Examples: Grading the References LOE 2a

  13. LOE Examples: Grading the References

  14. LOE Examples: Grading the References LOE 1b

  15. Additional Resources • Remember that these ratings are not always clear. • Refer to the Evidence Pyramid for guidance. • Download the CEBM Evidence Tables from this module homepage for detailed explanations. • Additional practice is available in the module quiz. • When in doubt, ask your co-author and assistant editor for assistance.

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