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Topic 5-2

Topic 5-2. Sound. Origins. All sound is produced by vibrations through air. What type of wave is it? Longitudinal since you are causing a compression of the air. Humans can typically hear between 20 Hz (minimum) up to 20,000 Hz (maximum Pitch:

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Topic 5-2

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  1. Topic 5-2 Sound

  2. Origins All sound is produced by vibrations through air. What type of wave is it? Longitudinal since you are causing a compression of the air

  3. Humans can typically hear between 20 Hz (minimum) up to 20,000 Hz (maximum Pitch: Subjective impression of vibration frequency “lower pitches” are closer to the 20 Hz, “higher pitch” is closer to 20,000 Hz Below 20 Hz is termed infrasonic sound Above 20,000 Hz is termed ultrasonic sound Human Range

  4. Caused by either Compression: Pushing air to cause the vibration Rarefaction: Pulling air to cause the vibration Cause of Waves

  5. Transmitting Sound Vacuum: No sound will travel because there are no particles to move Air: Poor transmitter, to much empty space between particles Liquid: Better transmitter, roughly 4 times faster than air Solid: Best transmitter of sound, steel transmits sound about17 times faster than air

  6. Velocity: 340 m/s in air (roughly) Dependant on the air temperature Temperature: For every degree above or below 20°C, speed of sound will be directly effected by 0.6 m/s Calculations: distance = velocity times time d = v t Where “t” is usually a delay in sight and hearing the sound Speed of Sound

  7. Sample Problems • How far is a storm if you note a 3 second delay between a lightning flash and the sound? • Standing 6000 m away, how long will it take you to hear a nuclear explosion after the flash? • How much faster will sound travel in a 60°C room compared to a 15°C room?

  8. Interference Waves cancel each other out. Speakers set facing each other and plugged in differently will cancel each other out.

  9. Resonance Literally means resound. It is an increase in sound waves. Can cause other objects to vibrate

  10. Resonance

  11. Resonance Patterns • Different frequencies will have different patterns depending on the natural frequency of the object

  12. Beat Caused by interference when two tones of slightly different frequencies are sounded together

  13. End Of topic 5-2

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