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Chapter 6

Chapter 6. Aegis: protection, sponsorship. Since the adult Zeus covered his shield with this goat’s skin ( aigis is Greek for “goatskin”), which made the shield invulnerable, Zeus’ shield was known as the aegis. Synonyms: guardianship, support, patronage, auspices.

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Chapter 6

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  1. Chapter 6

  2. Aegis: protection, sponsorship • Since the adult Zeus covered his shield with this goat’s skin (aigis is Greek for “goatskin”), which made the shield invulnerable, Zeus’ shield was known as the aegis. • Synonyms: guardianship, support, patronage, auspices

  3. Our ambassadors are under the aegis of the United States government.

  4. Auspicious: favorable, promising a good outcome • The word “auspicious” devies from the Latin avis (“ bird”) and specio (“see”). The Romans dissected birds, for they thought the birds’ internal organs predicted events. • Synonyms: promising, encouraging, propitious • Related word: opportune

  5. A student who gets all “A’s” in his/her first semester has an auspicious beginning in college.

  6. Jaded: wearied, dulled, or bored by having too much • The word “jaded” derives from tired, worn-out horses. Norse jalda meant “mare.” • Syn: Worn-out, overindulged, satiated

  7. Americans are so jaded with sweets, spices, and refined foods, that they have no appetite for a wholesome diet. • Children jaded with an overabundance of toys cannot appreciate any gift.

  8. Atone: make up (for a wrong) • Originally, “atonement” meant “at-one-ment” with God, in other words reconciled for in peaceful harmony with God. • Syn: make amends, make reparations, expiate

  9. On Yom Kippur, the Jewish day of atonement, Jews fast and pray that God will forgive their sins.

  10. Lewd: obscene, indecent, lustful • “Lewd” comes from Old English laewede, meaning “lay” or “not of the church.” • Syn: vulgar, smutty, lascivious

  11. Lewd songs have indecent sexual overtones.

  12. Succinct: Briefly and clearly expressed • The ancient Romans wore a loose garment, somewhat like a long shirt called a tunic. When the Romans wanted to shorten their tunics so as to move more freely, they would tuck up the tunic under the cinctura. • Syn: brief, concise, terse • Related: laconic

  13. Teachers of freshman composition continually tell their students to cut out wordiness and be succinct.

  14. Prevaricate: stray from the truth: mislead • “Prevaricate” derives from Latin varicus (“straddling”) which came from varus (“bent”), a term applied to a knock-kneed or crooked-legged person who did not walk straight. • Syn: lie, misinform, equivocate

  15. Government officials prevaricated during the Senate hearing in order to cover up their illegal actions.

  16. Aloof: reserved, detached, unconcerned • “Aloof” comes from a (“towards”) and the Dutch word loef (“to windward”). “Aloof” thus derives from a nautical term meaning to head the ship into the wind so as to keep distance from the shore. • Syn: removed, unresponsive, indifferent

  17. Some people may appear cold and aloof although in reality they are merely shy.

  18. Jovial: full of hearty humor and fun; jolly • Jove (Jupiter), on the other hand, went on to joyfully lord the heavens. • Syn: merry, cheerful, jocular

  19. No one would hire a frowning, saturnine man to play the part of jovial, jolly Santa Claus.

  20. Saturnine: gloomy, grave • Foremost among these Titans was Cronus, whose Roman name is Saturn. • Syn: moody, sulky, morose

  21. My boss never smiles; he is the gloomiest, most saturnine man I know.

  22. Eulogy: speech or writing in praise of someone or something, especially of one who has died

  23. Euphemism: pleasant, mild, or inoffensive expression substituted from an unpleasant or offensive one

  24. Eugenics: science of improving a breed or species through selection of parents

  25. Euphoria: feeling of complete well-being , great happiness

  26. Euthanasia: mercy killing, painlessly putting to death someone suffering from a prolonged and incurable condition

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