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Metadata

Metadata . Information about information Different objects, different forms e.g. Library catalogue record Property: Value: Author Ian Beardwell Publisher Pitman Date published 1994 Subject classification Human Resource Management ISBN ISBN 0 273 60244 6.

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Metadata

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  1. Metadata • Information about information • Different objects, different forms • e.g. Library catalogue record Property: Value: Author Ian Beardwell Publisher Pitman Date published 1994 Subject classification Human Resource Management ISBN ISBN 0 273 60244 6

  2. Why is it important? • Describe and locate information • Judge relevance of information • Promote good information management • Plus .... • Search tools and information gateways beginning to use metadata when locating and describing resources www.altavista.co.uk/cgi-bin/addurl.jsp

  3. HTML 'META' Tag References • W3C HTML 4.0 Recommendation http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/struct/global.html#edef-META • Web Design Group http://www.stack.nl/htmlhelp/reference/html40/head/meta.html

  4. Interpreting Attributes • Similar attributes may be interpreted differently eg. DATE -what does it mean? • the date the resource was put on the web? • the date the original paper copy was written? • Consistency of values is important: • it ensures searching for information is effective • it allows standard searches to be made

  5. Setting Parameters • Inconsistencies can be reduced: • Clear labelling of attributes • lastname, initials, title • Formats and rules • formats -Author = Beardwell, I, DrDate = 01-Jan-97 • cataloguing rules -guidance on interpreting labels

  6. Dublin Core (DC) • Workshop held in Dublin, Ohio -1995 • 'Document-Like Objects' HTML, Postscript, images • 15 core elements: Title, Creator, Subject, Description, Publisher, Contributors, Date, Type, Format, Identifier, Source, Language, Relation, Coverage and Rights • Flexibility provided by qualifiers: • Type: distinguishes different uses of an element • Scheme: identifies recognised coding system • Link tag points to definition of DC element

  7. DC Example <META NAME="DC.title" CONTENT=" Metadata Talk"> <LINK REL=SCHEMA.dc HREF="http://purl.org/metadata/dublin_core_elements#title"> <META NAME="DC.subject" CONTENT="(SCHEME=keyword) Dublin Core, Metadata, Loughborough"> <LINK REL=SCHEMA.dc HREF="http://purl.org/metadata/dublin_core_elements#subject"> <META NAME="DC.author" CONTENT="(TYPE=name) Dave Hartland"> <LINK REL=SCHEMA.dc HREF="http://purl.org/metadata/dublin_core_elements#author"> <META NAME="DC.author" CONTENT="(TYPE=email) D.W.Hartland@newcastle.ac.uk"> <LINK REL=SCHEMA.dc HREF="http://purl.org/metadata/dublin_core_elements#author"> <META NAME="DC.author" CONTENT="(TYPE=postal) Netskills, University Computing Service, University of Newcastle Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK"> <LINK REL=SCHEMA.dc HREF="http://purl.org/metadata/dublin_core_elements#author"> <META NAME="DC.date" CONTENT="(TYPE=creation) (SCHEME=ISO31) 1996-09-02">

  8. Metadata Development • Which format to use? • Dublin Core? New standards? www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue5/metadata-masses/intro.html • Format can be easily altered by generators • DC DOT www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/dcdot/ • Separate the metadata from the information • Resource Description Framework (RDF)

  9. RDF • Resource Description Framework • aims to provide the infrastructure to exchange metadata on the web • allows integration of different metadata schemes • enables automated processing of web resources • interoperability between applications that exchange machine-understandable information • Syntax uses XML www.w3.org/RDF/

  10. Remote definition of the RDF statements and the XML namespace 's:' Identify the resource to be described Metadata Common group name (namespace) Example <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://rdf-url" xmlns:s="http://org.com"> <rdf:Description about="http://www.w3.org"> <s:Publisher>World Wide Web Consortium</s:Publisher> <s:Title>W3C Home Page</s:Title> <s:Date>1998-10-03T02:27</s:Date> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>

  11. Uses of RDF • Resource discovery - search engines • Cataloguing - describe content and content relationships • Describing intellectual property rights • Intelligent software agents - info sharing • Content rating • Privacy preferences/policies • Collections of pages as a single "document" • "RDF with digital signatures will be key to building the 'Web of Trust' for electronic commerce, collaboration, and other applications. "

  12. Disadvantages of Metadata • In the short-term, metadata imposes a load on the server • Metadata stored in separate files? • Difficult to convince information providers of its importance • Need for standardised usage and procedures • Not trusted by some search engines - 'keyword spamming'

  13. Future… • Metadata is becoming very important • Metadata may need to be added retrospectively to thousands of documents • Start collecting data now! • Automate as much as possible • Ensure information providers use metadata

  14. Please do not forget to visit the following web site for more information: http://dublincore.org/

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