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THE SOVIET NATIONALITIES

THE SOVIET NATIONALITIES. THE SOVIET NATIONALITIES. ETHNIC & NATIONAL GROUPS OF THE SOVIET UNION . Slavic Peoples : Russians Ukrainians Belorussians Poles Bulgarians. THE SOVIET NATIONALITIES. ETHNIC & NATIONAL GROUPS OF THE SOVIET UNION. Caucasus : @50 groups

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THE SOVIET NATIONALITIES

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  1. THE SOVIET NATIONALITIES

  2. THE SOVIET NATIONALITIES ETHNIC & NATIONAL GROUPS OF THE SOVIET UNION • Slavic Peoples: Russians Ukrainians Belorussians Poles Bulgarians

  3. THE SOVIET NATIONALITIES ETHNIC & NATIONAL GROUPS OF THE SOVIET UNION • Caucasus: @50 groups Chechens, Dagestanis Ingush, Karabadians Adygeys, Cherkess Abazins, Abkhazi, Avars Georgians Armenians Azerbaijiani Kurds

  4. THE SOVIET NATIONALITIES ETHNIC & NATIONAL GROUPS OF THE SOVIET UNION • Turkic & Central Asian Peoples: Tatars Kazakhs Kyrghyz Uzbeks Turkmen Bashkirs Chuvash Tajiks Kalmyks Many smaller groups

  5. THE SOVIET NATIONALITIES ETHNIC & NATIONAL GROUPS OF THE SOVIET UNION • Arctic & Far Eastern Peoples: Evenki & Evens (Tungus) Dolgan, Khan, Yukagir, Ket Chukchis, Nenets Buryat, Sakha (Yakuts) Dungan (Sino-Tibetan) Total 26 groups

  6. THE SOVIET NATIONALITIES ETHNIC & NATIONAL GROUPS OF THE SOVIET UNION • Baltic & Finno-UrgicPeoples: Lithuanians Latvians Karelians Estonians Finns Saami, Mari, Khanti Komi, Udmurts, Mansi Mordvians

  7. THE SOVIET NATIONALITIES ETHNIC & NATIONAL GROUPS OF THE SOVIET UNION Other European Peoples: Germans Jews Gypsies Moldovans Romanians

  8. THE SOVIET NATIONALITIES SOVIET NATIONALITIES POLICY • Status of National Groups in USSR • Only 15 had Union Republic Status • 22 were Autonomous Republics • 18 were territorial enclaves (Autonomous Oblasts & Autonomous Okrugs)

  9. THE SOVIET NATIONALITIES SOVIET NATIONALITIES POLICY • Marxist origins • Marxism = “internationalist movement” • Nationality not important, but class • Leninist Nationalities Policy • One of goals of socialism = integration of humanity • But recognized utility as support for socialism against repression

  10. THE SOVIET NATIONALITIES SOVIET NATIONALITIES POLICY • Policies of New Soviet state • Lenin now advocated federalism • 1918: Guaranteed right to national self-determination • “Declaration of Rights of the Peoples of Russia” • “Appeal to all Laboring Muslims”

  11. THE SOVIET NATIONALITIES SOVIET NATIONALITIES POLICY • Policies of New Soviet state • First Constitution, 1918, created federated system • Treaty of Union, 1922 • Divided functions between central & republic govt. • New Constitution, 1924: granted more political representation

  12. THE SOVIET NATIONALITIES SOVIET NATIONALITIES POLICY • Stalin’s Nationalities Policies • Central control over nationalities • Stalin Constitution, 1936, granted rights on paper • But Stalin’s actions actually limited national autonomy • Sblizhenie: drawing nationalities closer together – but under Russian domination USSR – Socialist Fatherland of Laborers of All Nations

  13. THE SOVIET NATIONALITIES SOVIET NATIONALITIES POLICY • Stalin’s Nationalities Policies • Entire nationalities targeted as enemies of state • Included deportations of entire groups • Exploited Russian nationalism (chauvinism) • Portrayed Soviet Union as heir to Russian Empire

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