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Universität des Saarlandes Department 4.3 English Linguistics Professor Dr. N. R. Norrick

Semantics : Exam Topics. Universität des Saarlandes Department 4.3 English Linguistics Professor Dr. N. R. Norrick Lecture: Semantics. Semantics Exam. What’s semantics? Linguistic meaning semantics between syntax and pragmatics semantics and adjacent disciplines:

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Universität des Saarlandes Department 4.3 English Linguistics Professor Dr. N. R. Norrick

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  1. Semantics: Exam Topics Universität des Saarlandes Department 4.3 English Linguistics Professor Dr. N. R. Norrick Lecture: Semantics

  2. Semantics Exam • What’s semantics? • Linguistic meaning • semantics between syntax and pragmatics • semantics and adjacent disciplines: • semasiology, semiotics, philology, philosophy, anthropology, psychology

  3. 2 Semantics as a discipline synchronicSaussure (1916) Bréal (1883) Trier (1931) Porzig (1934) Firth (1935) “The technique of semantics”

  4. Semantics in linguistic theories • Structuralism • Behaviorism • Generative Grammar • Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

  5. 4 Models of meaning conduit model of communication (Reddy 1969) Shannon and Weaver (1949): Saussure (1916) dyadic model arbitraire du signe The semiotic triangle

  6. 5 Deixis (Indexicality) Person, space, time Discourse deixis

  7. Meaning properties • Meaningfulness • Meaninglessness • Tautology • Anomaly • Ambiguity  • Zeugma • Depletion

  8. 7 Compositionality Principle of Compositionality: Syncategorimaticity Non-compositional constructions

  9. 8 Lexical relations Semantic fields Sense relations Synonymy Polysemy Homophony cf. Homonymy,Homography Hyponymy Inclusion Metonymy Antonymy: Graded (scalar) adjectives Complementaries Converses Incompatibles

  10. 9 Componential analysis Features in Semantic Theory Psychologically real concepts vs. meta-language notation Markerese in TG Projection Rules

  11. Metaphor • Traditional accounts • original vs dead metaphor • extended metaphor • Metaphor as ungrammatical structure • Metaphor as anomaly • Metaphor as figurative speech act • Interactional theories of metaphor • Cognitive Linguistic theories of metaphor

  12. Semantic scripts • prototypes • Prototype Effects in grammar: • Scripts/Frames/Schemas/Cognitive Models • inferences

  13. Semantics and grammar • Grammatical categories • Grammatical relations • Semantic Case (Fillmore 1968, 1977) • Sentence Type

  14. Utterance Meaning • Uses of language • Speech events, text types • Presupposition • Implicature • The Cooperative Principle: • The maxims • Speech acts

  15. Coherence • Thematic structure • Information structure

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