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Napoleon’s Fall and Europe’s Reactions

Chapter 20 Section 4. Napoleon’s Fall and Europe’s Reactions. Key Terms. Czar Alexander I Hundred Days Duke of Wellington Prince Klemens von Metternich Charles Maurice de Talleyrand Indemnity Reactionary. The Russian Campaign. Czar Alexander I- Russian leader

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Napoleon’s Fall and Europe’s Reactions

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  1. Chapter 20 Section 4 Napoleon’s Fall and Europe’s Reactions

  2. Key Terms • Czar Alexander I • Hundred Days • Duke of Wellington • Prince Klemens von Metternich • Charles Maurice de Talleyrand • Indemnity • Reactionary

  3. The Russian Campaign • Czar Alexander I- Russian leader • Concerned that Napoleon stationed troops at his border • Worried about imports for his country • Napoleon moved his troops into Russia

  4. The Russian Campaign • 600,000 soldiers invade • Most soldiers were new recruits • Supplies were lost or spoiled • July heat tough on men and horses • Disease, desertion, hunger thinned the ranks

  5. The Russian Campaign • Napoleon wanted a quick victory • Russian troops withdrew • Peasants moved and set their fields on fire • August French troops moving to Moscow • French won a battle

  6. The Russian Campaign • Russian army 90000 strong retreated • French army in Moscow in September • City deserted and in flames • Napoleon could not support his troops • Left Moscow in October

  7. The Russian Campaign • Russians forced the French to retreat as they entered • Russian peasants attacked isolated French soldiers • Harsh Russian winter kills thousands • 94,000 out 600,000 return to France

  8. Defeat and Exile to Elba • Russia, Prussia, Austria, Great Britain become allies • October 1813 met with Napoleon • Napoleon defeated • Allies enter Paris in triumph

  9. Defeat and Exile to Elba • Napoleon has to give up the throne • Keeps title of emperor • Sent to island of Elba • Off the coast of Italy with 400 guards

  10. The Last Campaigns • Allies restore French monarchy • Louis XVII takes the throne • Return France to 1792 borders • King became unpopular • French feared a return to the old ways

  11. The Hundred Days • After a year in exile Napoleon escapes • Louis XVII flees to Belgium • French had despised Napoleon • Thousands of citizens were excited • Troops sent to arrest Napoleon pledged their loyalty

  12. The Hundred Days • March 20 Napoleon arrives in Paris • People cheered • Hundred days begins • Hundred days- brief period of renewed glory for Napoleon

  13. Battle of Waterloo • Napoleon’s enemies gathered for another battle • Duke of Wellington –British commander • June 18, 1815 armies met at Waterloo • Prussia and Britain combine forces • Push the French off the battlefield

  14. Battle of Waterloo • French and British suffer huge loses • Casualties total 50,000 men • Waterloo crushing defeat for Napoleon • End of the Napoleonic Wars

  15. Napoleon’s Final Days • Tried to escape to America • Exiled to Saint Helena, 1200 miles from mainland • Napoleon did not escape • Died 6 years later at 51

  16. The Congress of Vienna • Purpose was to create a stable Europe • Diplomats redrew map-of-Europe • 700 diplomats attend • Only a few were crucial to negotiations

  17. The Congress of Vienna • Lord Castlereagh, Czar Alexander I, King Frederick William III, Prince Klemens von Metternich, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand • Meeternich had a strong distaste for democracy

  18. Wanted to restore the old balance of power • Restore old monarchies, compensate allies • Wanted to make sure France would never rise again • Congress wanted to put down revolution where ever it occurred

  19. Redrawing the Map • Congress of Vienna changed many borders • Strengthened nations around France • 38 German states for the German Coalition • Britain gains oversea territories • France lost all its conquered territory • Indemnity- France had to pay back damages to other countries

  20. Restoring Monarchies • Restored some monarchies Napoleon had eliminated • Old Bourbon family returned to Spain and Sicily • Monarchies restored in Portugal and Sardinia

  21. Metternich’s Influence • Reactionary-ideals not only oppose progress but want things to return to the old ways • Metternich was a reactionary • Believed in absolute monarchy • Despised constitutions, voting rights, freedom of religion

  22. Metternich’s Influence • Austria, Germany, Italy, suppressed liberal ideas with secret police • Newspapers were not allowed to publish opposing views

  23. Revolution’s Legacy • After Congress of Vienna monarchs ruled much of Europe • Citizens rights were again restricted • French Revolution changed many things • Nobles and monarchs were not secure in their positions

  24. Revolution’s Legacy • Enlightenment ideas would not go away • Common people knew they could make changes • People no longer assumed nothing can change • Revolution lasted 10 years

  25. Revolutions Legacy • Inspired people for 200 years • Survived worst horrors of French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars • Massive revolutions occurred in France and Rumania • Inspired Latin America to overthrow colonial rule

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