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Section 8.3 Mass and Temperature

Section 8.3 Mass and Temperature. What You Will Learn. How to determine which unit of mass is appropriate Converting between Celsius and Fahrenheit. Mass. Although weight and mass are not the same, on Earth they are proportional to each other.

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Section 8.3 Mass and Temperature

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  1. Section 8.3Mass and Temperature

  2. What You Will Learn • How to determine which unit of mass is appropriate • Converting between Celsius and Fahrenheit

  3. Mass • Although weight and mass are not the same, on Earth they are proportional to each other. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object. It does not vary. Weight is the measure of gravitational pull on an object. It varies.

  4. Gravitational Pull • The gravitational pull of Earth is about six times as great as the gravitational pull of the moon. • A person on the moon weighs about 1/6 as much as on Earth, even though the person’s mass remains the same. • In space, where there is no gravity, a person has no weight but does have mass.

  5. Metric System • The kilogram is the basic unit of mass in the metric system. • It is about 2.2 pounds. • Kilogram is used to measure things that we normally measure in pounds. A man has a mass of about 75 kg. • The gram is relatively small and used in place of the ounce. A nickel has the mass of about 5 g.

  6. Metric System • The milligram is used in the medical and scientific fields. • Nearly all bottles of tablets are now labeled in either milligrams or grams. • The metric tonne (t) is used to express mass of heavy items. • One metric tonne equals 1000 kg. • It is a little larger than our customary ton of 2000 lb. • The mass of a large truck may be expressed in metric tonnes.

  7. Example 1: Choosing the Appropriate Unit Determine which metric unit you would use to express the mass of the following. a) A 1-year-old child Kilograms b) A whale Metric tonnes

  8. Example 1: Choosing the Appropriate Unit • c) A pair of eyeglasses • Grams • d) A box of cereal • Grams • e) A laptop computer • Grams or kilograms

  9. Example 1: Choosing the Appropriate Unit • f) A spider • Milligrams • g) A frog • Grams • h) A refrigerator • Kilograms

  10. Volume and Mass of Water Volume in Cubic Units Volume in Liters Mass of Water 1 cm3 = 1 ml = 1 g 1 dm3 = 1 l = 1 kg 1 m3 = 1 kl = 1 t (1000 kg)

  11. Example 2: Volume of a Fish Tank A fish tank is 1 m long, 50 cm high and 250 mm wide. a) Determine the number of liters that the tank holds. b) What is the mass of the water in kilograms?

  12. Example 2: Volume of a Fish Tank Solution • a) Convert measurements to meters • 50 cm = 0.5 m, 250 mm = 0.25 m V = l ×w × h = 1 × 0.25 × 0.5 = 0.125 m3 Since 1 m3 of water = 1 kl of water, 0.125 m3 = 0.125 kl, or 125 l of water • b) Since 1l = 1 kg, 125 l = 125 kg • The water in the fish tank has a mass of 125 kg.

  13. Temperature • The Celsius scale is used to measure temperatures in the metric system. • The figure shows a thermometer with the Fahrenheit scale on the left and the Celsius scale on the right. • On the Celsius scale, water freezes at 0ºC and boils at 100ºC.

  14. Temperature • Some common temperatures in both degrees Celsius (ºC) and degrees Fahrenheit. Temperature ºC ºF Description –18ºC 0ºF Very cold day 0ºC 32ºF Freezing point of water 10ºC 50ºF Warm winter day 20ºC 68ºF Mild spring day

  15. Temperature Temperature ºC ºF Description 30ºC 86ºF Warm summer day 37ºC 98.6ºF Body temperature 100ºC 212ºF Boiling point of water 177ºC 351ºF Oven temperature for baking

  16. Example 3: MetricTemperatures • Choose the best answer. • a) Chicago, Illinois, on New Year’s Day might have a temperature of • –10ºC 20ºC 45ºC

  17. Example 3: MetricTemperatures • Choose the best answer. • b) Washington, D.C., on July 4 might have a temperature of • 15ºC 30ºC 40ºC

  18. Example 3: MetricTemperatures • Choose the best answer. • c) The oven temperature for baking a cake might be • 60ºC 100ºC 175ºC

  19. Conversions To convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit Fahrenheit to Celsius

  20. Example 4: Convert to ºC • A typical setting for home thermostats is 72°F. What is the equivalent temperature on the Celsius thermometer? • Solution • Substitute F = 72 into

  21. Example 5: Convert to ºF • If the temperature outdoors is 28°C, what is the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit? • Solution • Substitute F = 72 into

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