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Lipids

Lipids. They do not mix with water. Examples: fats and steroids. LIPIDS ARE NEXT. WHAT DO THEY DO?. They are a great source of STORED ENERGY so we have it in the future. They INSULATE the body to maintain normal body temperature and they CUSHION the internal organs for protection.

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Lipids

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  1. Lipids They do not mix with water. Examples: fats and steroids

  2. LIPIDS ARE NEXT WHAT DO THEY DO? • They are a great source of STORED ENERGY so we have it in the future. • They INSULATE the body to maintain normal body temperature and they CUSHION the internal organs for protection. • They produce hormones for the body called STERIODS • They waterproof surfaces of animals,plants, and fruits- these are waxes! THINK: Waterproof, insulate, steriods, energy, cushion… “WISE C”

  3. Fats • Dietary fat consists largely of the molecule triglyceride. • Triglyceride is a combination of glycerol and three fatty acids.

  4. LIPIDS…Some interesting info Waterproofing... • Fruits produce a waxy coating to keep from drying out. • The cells in a tulip make a wax which helps coat the leaves. • Ear wax traps dust, sand, and other foreign particles from going deeper into the ear and causing damage. • Beeswax- a structural material to hold honey in the hive

  5. Unsaturated fatty acids • Have less than the maximum number of hydrogens bonded to the carbons. • Saturated fatty acids • Have the maximum number of hydrogens bonded to the carbons.

  6. Figure 3.15b

  7. Most animal fats have a high proportion of saturated fatty acids, which can be unhealthy. • Example: butter • Most plant oils tend to be low in saturated fatty acids. • Example: corn oil

  8. Not all fats are unhealthy. • Some fats perform important functions in the body and are essential to a healthy diet.

  9. Steroids • Steroids are very different from fats in structure and function. • The carbon skeleton is bent to form four fused rings. • Cholesterol is the “base steroid” from which your body produces other steroids. • Example: sex hormones

  10. LIPIPS…Some interesting info Steriods... There are many different types of steroids. They are all lipids. Their functions vary. Some common steroids are: SEX STEROIDS ANABOLIC STERIODS CHOLESTEROL They increase muscle Like testosterone and estrogen

  11. LIPIPS…Some interesting info NATURAL STERIODS IN OUR BODY INCREASE MUSCLE GROWTH AND BONE DEVELOPMENT AND ARE GOOD. THE ILLEGAL ONES THAT ARE SYNTHETIC ARE BAD. Some anabolic steroids are illegal Steriods... And can be dangerous and very unhealthy

  12. Synthetic anabolic steroids are controversial. • They are variants of testosterone. • Some athletes use anabolic steroids to build up their muscles quickly. • However, these substances can pose serious health risks.

  13. LIPIDS WHERE ARE THEY FOUND? • In plants- in the seeds • --------------------------------------------------- • In animals- in adipose tissue, connective tissue, in animals • --------------------------------------------------- • Lipids make up the cell membrane of all cells.

  14. Proteins • A protein is a polymer constructed from amino acid monomers. • Proteins perform most of the tasks the body needs to function.

  15. MORE ON PROTEINS… The following slides give you a little more in depth info on things that are made of proteins…

  16. Muscles, ligaments, tendons, and bones Without these particular structural proteins, we would look more like this….

  17. Well, maybe not exactly…

  18. Hair, Skin, and Nails

  19. Microscope View ofSkin and Nails This is skin This is a nail

  20. Cell Membrane The cell membrane surrounds everything in a cell so it doesn’t leak out. It is kind of like the balloon in a water balloon. The cell membrane is made mostly of protein AND lipids.

  21. Enzymes Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions. If you didn’t have enzymes in your stomach to speed up digestion, the food would rot in your stomach because it would take so long!

  22. HORMONES Hormones are chemicals made in glands that are in one place in the body and then put into the blood to be used in another. These are where the hormone producing glands are located in your body.

  23. The thyroid is found in the middle of your neck, by your voice box. Here is a picture of those cells secreting the thyroid hormone. (The yellow stuff is thyroid hormone) Thyroid hormone regulates how fast your body uses energy. If you have an over active thyroid, you use energy quickly and tend to be very thin and have a hard time putting on weight. If you have an under active thyroid gland, you use energy very slowly and tend to carry more body fat and have a difficult time losing it. Don’t be quick to think you have a thyroid problem if you are overweight, chances are it’s actually your eating and exercise habits!

  24. Antibodies are part of the immune system. When something enters the body that isn’t supposed to be there, like certain bacteria, antibodies find the invader and stick themselves onto it. When a white blood cell finds the invader covered with antibodies, it knows it doesn’t belong there and kills it. Antibodies

  25. PROTEINS MADE UP OF... Proteins are made of long chains (polymers) made of monomers. All proteins are made of the monomer… AMINO ACID

  26. The shapes of proteins are like a balled up piece of string Amino Acid chain All wound up

  27. The Monomers: Amino Acids • All proteins are constructed from a common set of 20 kinds of amino acids. • Each amino acid consists of a central carbon atom bonded to four covalent partners. • A side group that is variable among all 20.

  28. Proteins as Polymers • Cells link amino acids together by dehydration reactions. • The resulting bond between them is called a peptide bond.

  29. PROTEINS WHERE ARE THEY FOUND? • In plant foods- in the cell membranes • In animal products- in the cell membranes- in the muscles or living things- cows, chicken, fish…

  30. A slight change in the primary structure of a protein affects its ability to function. • The substitution of one amino acid for another in hemoglobin causes sickle-cell disease.

  31. What Determines Protein Structure? • A protein’s shape is sensitive to the surrounding environment. • Unfavorable temperature and pH changes can cause a protein to unravel and lose its shape. • This is called denaturation.

  32. Proteins

  33. Proteins Aside from the protein found in animal sources…protein can also be found in fruits, vegetables, grains, and nuts. (it just does not have as many amino acids)

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