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Important Concepts Associated with the Measurement of Blood Pressure

Important Concepts Associated with the Measurement of Blood Pressure. BP is one of the principal vital signs. BP Classification Systolic/Diastolic Values Normal 119/79 or less Prehypertension 120/80 to 139/89 Stage 1 Hypertension 140/90 to 159/99

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Important Concepts Associated with the Measurement of Blood Pressure

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  1. Important Concepts Associated with the Measurement of Blood Pressure

  2. BP is one of the principal vital signs

  3. BP ClassificationSystolic/Diastolic Values Normal 119/79 or less Prehypertension 120/80 to 139/89 Stage 1 Hypertension 140/90 to 159/99 Stage 2 Hypertension 160/100 or higher Classification of hypertension (elevated blood pressure) in adults

  4. Left heart QRS “Lup” = closing of L AV valve or Mitral valve (1st heart sound) “Dup” = closing of Aortic valve (2nd heart sound) P T P Electrocardiogram 1st 2nd Heart sounds Review of aortic pressure: Dicrotic notch Aorta Pressure (mm Hg) Left ventricle Atrial systole Left atrium EDV = End Diastolic Volume ESV = End Systolic Volume SV = Stroke Volume EDV Ventricular volume (ml) SV Atrial SYSTOLE ESV Atrioventricular valves Open Closed Open Aortic and pulmonary valves Closed Open Closed Ventricular SYSTOLE Ventricular DIASTOLE BloodPressure (BP) when measured with a sphygmomanometer mostly closely approximates aortic pressure.

  5. Superficial temporal artery More practically, blood pressure (BP) is a measure of pressure in the brachial artery (a vessel located a small distance from the aorta). The dots here represent pressure points located throughout the body. Facial artery Common carotid artery Brachial artery Radial artery Femoral artery Popliteal artery Posterior tibial artery Dorsalis pedis artery

  6. Blood Pressure (BP) Force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of the brachial artery (if measured traditionally)

  7. Force exerted against walls of a blood vessel when the heart contracts(systole) Systolic Blood Pressure

  8. Force exerted against walls of a blood vessel when the heart relaxes(diastole) Diastolic Blood Pressure

  9. Average blood pressure or meanarterial pressure(MAP) is determined by obtaining both systolic and diastolicvalues of the blood vessel. (point of this exercise)

  10. Where does your blood pressure fall? And YOU think you have stress!

  11. Left heart QRS “Lup” = closing of L AV valve or Mitral valve (1st heart sound) “Dup” = closing of Aortic valve (2nd heart sound) P T P Electrocardiogram 1st 2nd Heart sounds Dicrotic notch Aorta Pressure (mm Hg) Left ventricle Atrial systole Left atrium EDV = End Diastolic Volume ESV = End Systolic Volume SV = Stroke Volume Other concepts to review: EDV Ventricular volume (ml) SV ESV Atrioventricular valves Open Closed Open Aortic and pulmonary valves Closed Open Closed Ventricular SYSTOLE Ventricular DIASTOLE Cardiac Output can be calculated with a quick and easy mathematical formula (using the above information).

  12. Volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heart beat Stroke Volume (SV)

  13. Number of beats per minute • Heart Rate (HR)

  14. Graph showing the change in volume (mL) of blood in one “chamber” during a heart beat EDV diastole systole diastole What is the volume of blood at the end of diastole?

  15. Graph showing the change in volume (mL) of blood during one heart beat ESV diastole systole diastole What is the volume of blood at the end of systole?

  16. Graph showing the change in volume (mL) of blood during one heart beat SV diastole systole diastole Therefore, what is the stroke volume?

  17. Cardiac Output (CO) Volume of blood (mL) pumped by each ventricle in one minute (min)

  18. Cardiac Output (CO) is Heart Rate (HR) x Stroke Volume (SV)

  19. Example: What would be the cardiac output of an individual at rest (60 beats/min) and with no obvious heart condition (use the stroke volume already given)? Answer: CO (mL/min) = HR (60 beats/min)  SV (70 mL/beat) = 4,200 mL/min or 4.20 L/min

  20. This means that over the course of one hour, one heart chamber at rest could eject over 240 liters of blood. That’s over 63 gallons! Sixty-three gallons for a little over six and a half days … this could fill a 10,000 gallon (small size) swimming pool. With continuous exercise (120 beats per minute), that time could be cut in half (about 3 days)! *1 Liter = 0.264172051 US Gallons

  21. Measuring Blood Pressure (BP) Click below if you have a username & password at MyA&Pplace.com Interactive Physiology Exercise (In order to make this work, an access code log-in is required.) Steps: Click on Tutorials > Interactive Physiology > Chapter 19 > Cardiovascular System > Measuring Blood Pressure (The plan here will be to complete all steps and the quizzes/worksheets in lab class.)

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