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Ocean Energy

Ocean Energy. Kim Cobb with slides from Dr. Alam, MIT. Estimates of 21st Century World Energy Supplies. YEAR. Edwards 2001. A barrel (42 U.S. gallons) of crude oil = 5.8 × 10^6 BTU = = 6000 MJ or about 1.70 MWh. Overview of Ocean Energy.

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Ocean Energy

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  1. Ocean Energy Kim Cobb with slides from Dr. Alam, MIT

  2. Estimates of 21st Century World Energy Supplies YEAR Edwards 2001 A barrel (42 U.S. gallons) of crude oil = 5.8 × 10^6 BTU = = 6000 MJ or about 1.70 MWh.

  3. Overview of Ocean Energy • ocean energy is replenished by the sun and through tidal influences of the • moon’s and sun’s gravitational forces • near-surface winds induce wave action and cause wind-blown currents at • about 3% of the wind speed • tides cause strong currents into and out of coastal basins and rivers • ocean surface heating by some 70% of the incoming sunlight adds to the • surface water thermal energy, causing expansion and flow • wind energy is stronger over the ocean due to less drag

  4. How much energy and what types? • 250 Billion barrels of oil worth of energy coming into ocean every day • 80 million barrels of oil per day produced kinetic potential

  5. How much energy and what types? • 250 Billion barrels of oil worth of energy coming into ocean every day • 80 million barrels of oil per day produced Theoretical global resource of ocean energy: 8,000-80,000 TWh/yr for wave energy 800 TWh/yr for tidal current energy 2,000 TWh/yr for salinity gradient energy 10,000 TWh/yr for ocean thermal energy World’s electricity consumption 17,000 TWh/yr

  6. Source of Ocean Wave Energy

  7. Oscillating Water Column (Energetech/Oceanlinx) Wave Energy Extraction Technologies Point Absorber (OPT, Finavera) Overtopping, Wave Dragon Attenuator, Pelamis WP

  8. Power From Ocean Waves kW/m crest length

  9. Wave energy is strongest on the west coasts and increases toward the poles. • At approx. 30 kW/mcl in the Northwest (yearly avg.), a single meter (3.3 feet) of wave has the raw energy to power about 23 homes. Power From Ocean Waves

  10. Point absorber buoys: most common

  11. Oscillating Water Column Installations: LAND NOTE: Plant Bowen (Georgia Power) operates at 3,200,000 kW

  12. Oscillating Water Column Installations: OCEAN

  13. “Overtopping” Wave Energy

  14. “Sea Snake” Wave Energy 121m long, 3.5m tall!

  15. Tidal Energy Conversion

  16. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

  17. 210 kW OTEC test plant, 1993-1998, Hawaii

  18. Future OTEC plant: grow food and fuel?

  19. Ocean Energy: Where are we today? • Wave Energy (grid-connected): • 0.4MW and 0.5MW OWC off the coast of Pico and Islay by 2008 • 2.25MW Pelamis off Portugal by 2008 • 0.5MW section of Wave Star Energy off Denmark by 2009 • 7MW Wave Dragon off Wales by 2010 • Tidal: • barriers: 240MW France in 1966 and 20MW in Canada • Current: 1.2MW off Ireland by 2009, 1MW France • Thermal: • 0.2MW Hawaii 1993-1998

  20. Ocean Energy: PROS and CONS?

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