9 - 1: The West 9- 2: Trails to the West

1. 9-1: The West9-2: Trails to the West People traveled west for a better life, but faced a dangerous journey along the way.

2. Anticipatory Set How did all of the orange & lime areas eventually become red?

3. California Standards • Social Studies Standard 8.8.2: Describe the purpose, challenges, and economic incentives associated with westward expansion, including the concept of Manifest Destiny (e.g., settlement of the Great Plains) and the territorial acquisitions that spanned numerous decades. • Social Studies Standard 8.8.5: Discuss Mexican settlements and their locations, cultural traditions, attitudes toward slavery, land-grant system, and economies.

4. California Standards • Social Studies Standard 8.8.3: Describe the role of pioneer women and the new status that western women achieved (e.g., Laura Ingalls Wilder, Annie Bidwell, slave women gaining freedom in the West, Wyoming granting suffrage to women in 1869).

5. Input • frontier: the land that forms the farthest extent of a nation’s settled regions. • land grant: government gifts of land • ranchero: owners of ranches • expansion: extending the nation beyond its existing borders.

6. Input • mountain men: fur trappers of the Northwest. • rendezvous: a meeting where the trappers would trade furs for supplies. • William Becknell • John Jacob Astor • Marcus & Narcissa Whitman

7. Research Main Idea & Details Divide your paper into 8 sections. Write down the section heading and the main idea. You will fill in the details at the end of the lesson.

8. Input • What Was “The West” • In the early 180s, Americans thought of the area beyond the Great Plains as the western frontier. The Northwest The Southwest The Great Plains • The Northwest is occupied by Oregon and Washington as well as by most of British Columbia in Canada. • The lands of the Southwest included present-day California, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and about half of Colorado.

9. Input • Mexican Settlement • Under Spain and Mexico, the Southwest developed a unique culture. Safari Montage Mexico: A Story of… Chapter 1: The Spanish & Indigenous Population in New Spain (2 min 57 sec)

10. Input • Manifest Destiny • Many Americans believed that the United states should extend to the Pacific Ocean. • Newspaper editor John L. O’Sullivan coined the term “Manifest Destiny” in 1845. • It described the belief that the U.S. was destined, or meant, to extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific– “from sea to shining sea.”

11. Input • Traders Lead the Way • Merchants and fur traders blazed important trails to both Oregon and the Southwest. John Jacob Astor, a German immigrant, sent the first American fur-trading expedition to Oregon. One mountain man, an African American named James Beckworth, discovered a pass through the Sierras that became a major route to California. In 1821, Captain William Becknell led a wagon train filled with merchandise from Independence, Missouri, to Santa Fe, New Mexico.

12. Input • The Oregon Trail • Thousands of men and women made the hazardous journey to Oregon. The Oregon Trail Marcus and Narcissa Whitman set up a mission in Oregon to serve the Cayuse Indians.

13. Input • The Oregon Trail • Thousands of men and women made the hazardous journey to Oregon. The Oregon Trail Safari Montage Westward Ho: The Wagon Trains Chapter 4:The Oregon and Overland Trails (6 min 24 sec)

14. Input • Life in the West • Women enjoyed new status in the West, but settlers faced conflicts with Native Americans already living on the land. Indians in southern Oregon usually got along with whites. In northern Oregon, however, Native Americans were angered by the settlers. Women in the West worked alongside men to make a success of their family farms. For this reason, women attained a higher status in the West.

15. Research INDEPENDENT WORK Read pages 318-327 in the History textbook. Take more detailed notes based on the “big idea” concepts just introduced.

16. PRACTICE & EXTENSION • Complete 9-1/9-2 Section Quizzes • Write a detailed SUMMARY of the section and complete the UNANSWERED QUESTIONS section of your notes. • Choose two of the remaining Depth & Complexity ICONS in your notes and explain how they relate to this section.