Figure 12.4 Semantics of the rsh server sort < datafile command run on ‘client’

2. Figure 12.1  Standard files and file descriptors: (a) file descriptors;(b) semantics of a command execution

3. Figure 12.2  Input redirection: (a) file descriptors and standard files for ‘command’; (b) semantics of input redirection

4. Figure 12.3 Output redirection: (a) file descriptors and standard files for ‘command’; (b) semantics of output redirection (continued on next slide)

5. Figure 12.3 Output redirection: (a) file descriptors and standard files for ‘command’; (b) semantics of output redirection (continued from previous slide)

6. Figure 12.4 Semantics of the rsh server sort < datafile commandrun on ‘client’

7. Figure 12.5  Combined use of input and output redirection

8. Figure 12.6  Error redirection: (a) file descriptors and standard files for ‘command’; (b) semantics of error redirection (continued on next slide)

9. Figure 12.6  Error redirection: (a) file descriptors and standard files for ‘command’; (b) semantics of error redirection (continued from previous slide)

10. Figure 12.7  Error redirection: (a) file descriptors and standard files for cat lab1 lab2 lab3 1> cat.output 2> cat.errors (b) semantics of the cat command

11. Figure 12.8 Error redirection: (a) file descriptors and standard files (b) semantics of the cat lab1 lab2 lab3 1> cat.output.errors 2>&1 and cat lab1 lab2 lab3 2> cat.output.errors 1>&2 commands (continued on next slide)

12. Figure 12.8 Error redirection: (a) file descriptors and standard files (b) semantics of the cat lab1 lab2 lab3 1> cat.output.errors 2>&1 and cat lab1 lab2 lab3 2> cat.output.errors 1>&2 commands (continued from previous slide)

13. Figure 12.9 Output and error redirection: (a) file descriptors and standard files for the cat command; (b) standard files after cat lab1 lab2 lab3 2>&1, with no change in stdout and stderr; (c) standard files after cat lab1 lab2 lab3 2>&1 1> cat.output.errors; and (d) command semantics(continued on next slide)

14. Figure 12.9 Output and error redirection: (a) file descriptors and standard files for the cat command; (b) standard files after cat lab1 lab2 lab3 2>&1, with no change in stdout and stderr; (c) standard files after cat lab1 lab2 lab3 2>&1 1> cat.output.errors; and (d) command semantics(continued on next slide)

15. Figure 12.10 Redirecting stdin, stdout, and stderr in a single command

16. Figure 12.11  The semantics of a pipeline with N commands

17. Figure 12.12  The semantics of the ls -l | more command

18. Figure 12.13  The semantics of the grep “John” < Students | lpr -Pspr command

19. Figure 12.14  The semantics of egrep ‘A$’ < ee446.grades | sort > ee446.As.sorted

20. Figure 12.15 The semantics of rsh server cat ~/research/pvm/datafile.server | diff datafile - command

21. Figure 12.16  The semantics of the cat names students | grep “John Doe” | tee file1 file2 | wc -l command

22. Figure 12.17  Step-by-step semantics of the (find ~ -name foo -print > foo.paths) >& error.log command (continued on next slide)

23. Figure 12.17  Step-by-step semantics of the (find ~ -name foo -print > foo.paths) >& error.log command (continued from previous slide)

24. Table 12.1 Redirection Operators and Their Meaning in Bash and TC Shells (continued on next slide)

25. Table 12.1 Redirection Operators and Their Meaning in Bash and TC Shells (continued on next slide)

26. Table 12.1 Redirection Operators and Their Meaning in Bash and TC Shells (continued from previous slide)