By Karan, Cleavland , Johaan and Subhro

1. Science pbl By Karan, Cleavland,Johaan and Subhro

2. WARNING • These questions are not in order. We apologize for not being organized. :(

3. What is Asexual reproduction and the four types? • Asexual reproduction, has only one parent and offspring and the offspring and parent look identical. • The four types: • Binary Fission- Bacteria • Budding- Coral • Spore production- Fungi/ Ferns • Vegetative reproduction- Strawberries

4. The four types: • Binary Fission: This happens in only single celled organisms. The cell splits creating two identical cells. • Budding: Parent organism produces a bud which detaches and becomes a sufficient individual • Spore production: Are produced by the division of cells in a parent. Each spore looks identical to the parent. • Vegetative reproduction: Is the reproduction process of plants, not involving seeds.

5. Continuous and Discrete • Continuous Variations: When there are many variations in characteristics • Examples: Shoe size, weight, and height • Discrete Variation: Is an either/or characteristic. Characteristic is a defined form its “either” this form “or” that form • Examples: Albino, being able to roll your tongue.

6. Scientific explanation of sexual reproduction • Usually involves two individual organisms. The offspring will have mixed characteristics, half from one parent and half from the other parent. Hmm.. Interesting..

7. What special cells are involved in sexual reproduction? • Gametes are the reproductive cells that join with other gametes during reproduction.

8. What are the special reproduction cells that are in animals called? • For males the cell is known as sperm cells for Females the cell is known as egg cells • When these combine they form a fertilization combination of cells known as Zygote. • The Zygote divides and continues into the making of the embryo. The embryo then turns into a multi celled organism inside the female.

9. Sexual reproduction in plants • Sexual reproduction also involves gametes that turn into Zygotes and the zygotes that form embryos • Pollen (male gamete) moves from the anther to the stigma and down to the ovule (female gamete). Both of these gametes produce the zygote which turns into a embryo. The embryo develops inside a seed, which protects the embryo. Umm.. Hello 

10. Three types of sexual production in plants. • Cross pollination occurs when pollen from one plant combines with the ovule of another plant. The resulting plant is not identical to either parents (plants) If some plants self pollinate then the pollen can combine with their ovule and result in a plant that looks identical to its parent (plant). Artificial pollen. Plants are pollinated by man.

11. Advantage and disadvantage of sexual and asexual reproduction • Advantage: Can reproduce very fast which is an advantage in an environment that doesn’t change much. • Disadvantage: All the individual organisms are the same and if the environment changes they will all die. 

12. Examples of organisms that can reproduce sexually and asexually • There are many: Sponges and yeasts can both reproduce sexually and asexually. I’m ready!

13. Explain whether niches stay the same or can change...if they change explain this. • Niches can change in the lifetime of a species. Niches may change due the environment in which it lives as well as the organisms a species interrelates with.

14. What is resource partitioning and give an example to help explain this? • resource partitioning is when two or more species need the same resource, so they split the resource into parts to share the resource. In the Africa the zebras eat the grass, stags eat lower leaves of trees and giraffes eat the top of the tree thus sharing that area/resource

15. What are two reasons that variability is important in an ecosystem? • healthy ecosystems have lots of variety among species and among communities.

16. Explain what natural selection is and how it relates to variability. • natural selection is when the environment selects individuals to survive and reproduce and pass on its characteristics. When creatures reproduce they pass on their characteristics thus there is a variety of animals in a species.

17. Describe why variation is important in the environment? • variation in species are either genetic or behavioural, this variation will allow an individual in a species to survive while others die.

18. Explain the difference between heritable and non-heritable traits and give some examples of each. • heritable traits are passed on from generation to generation, while non-heritable traits are learned traits.an example of a heritable trait is skin colour. An example of a non-heritable traits are leadership skills.

19. What area of the Earth do we find the most biodiversity? • The tropical rain forests because they are the most diverse

20. Why coral reefs are called “the Amazons of the oceans?” • Its called the Amazons of the Ocean because it's the most diverse place in the ocean

21. What does interdependence mean? • Its when two species depend on one another, to carry out their own lives.

22. What are two ways a niche can change…give a couple examples to help explain the two ways niches can change? • niches can change due to change in the environment and due to inter-species competition. A fox is young, he can hunt, but he grows old so now he has to scavenge for food.

23. What is a niche? • the role an organism plays within its community or ecosystem

24. What is natural selection and explain how it relates to variation in the environment...why is it important? • natural selection is when nature selects individuals to survive, it relates to variation in the environment, because the reason everyone does not survive because of the large variation in the same species. It’s important because it helps carry on strong genes and destroys weak genes.

25. Explain how environment can play a role in the development of characteristics and give some examples of how environment can affect characteristics. • the environment can play a role in the development of characteristics by placing obstacles that require species to develop characteristics to survive. An example would be fish need to breathe under water so they have gills to breathe

26. Give an example of an ecosystem and name some animals that live in that ecosystem and the niches they would fill. • Forest- Bears eat berries, they can’t digest the seed. In their fecies the seed come out and new berry plants grow from the seeds.

27. Why are niches important? • A niche describes the organisms’ role in the ecosystem.

28. What is symbiosis and also explain the three different types of symbiosis making sure to explain examples for each? • Symbiosis is relationships in nature. • Mutualism is a relationship between two organisms, were both organisms benefit. Ex. The sea anemones gives protection to the hermit crab using its stinging cells and the hermit crab lets it eats the remains of food. • Commensalism is a relationship between two organisms, were one organisms benefit and it does not matter to the other. Ex. B A robin builds its nest in a tree • Parasitism is a relationship between two organisms, one organism is harmed and the other benefits. Ex. Tape worm living in the human intestine. The tape worm absorbs some of the nutrients.

29. What is an important example of interdependence found in nature? • Food webs and food chains they show what creatures in the ecosystem on what organisms they rely for prey.

30. Explain the 5 components of biodiversity? • Ecosystem diversity- there many types of ecosystems. Ex. marshes, forests • Community Diversity-populations of many different species living in a community. • Species Diversity-Variation within a specific species. • Genetic Diversity-Variation of heritable characteristics • Species Distribution Diversity-There are more biodiversity in the tropics then the artic.

31. What is biological diversity, and by what processes do diverse living things pass on their characteristics to future generations? • Biological diversity refers to a variety of species and ecosystems on earth and the ecological processes they are part of. Diverse living things pass on their characteristics to future generations by DNA. DNA is the blue print inherited from a parent, it contains the material that causes variation and is found in nucleus of all cells. the

32. Our resources • http://prezi.com/cib_cuoz95op/unit-1-biological-diversity/

33. Thank you for listening/watching our presentation • Hoped you guys liked it :)