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Leaching from Maize in Denmark

Leaching from Maize in Denmark. High level of animal manure. Hoestaar=2009. Fsg_Navn=JyMa29. Nitrate conc . in cont . maize coarse sand, 540 mm drain , 2009. A3= Maize,220 N/ha. C 1= Maize + Ryegrass , 220 N/ha. A1= Maize, 100 N/ha. C1= Maize + ryegrass , 100 N/ha.

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Leaching from Maize in Denmark

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  1. Leaching from Maize in Denmark

  2. High level of animal manure

  3. Hoestaar=2009 Fsg_Navn=JyMa29 Nitrate conc. in cont. maizecoarse sand, 540 mm drain, 2009 A3= Maize,220 N/ha C1= Maize + Ryegrass, 220 N/ha A1= Maize, 100 N/ha C1= Maize + ryegrass, 100 N/ha

  4. WeakPerennialRyegrasssown 20. June, photolateautumn

  5. To strong Red Fescue, sown with maize, photolateautumn.

  6. Leaching [kg N/ha] in maize after G/C

  7. Tabel. Nitrate leaching from silage maize undersown with grasses. Preliminary results 2009. Kg NO3-N /ha Soil-type Coarse sand Fine sand 1) Grass/ CV Maize CV Grass/ CV Maize CV Grain CV Prev. crop clover clover Maize ½N 103 20% 65 0% 78 0% 19 ( 4% 63 45% Maize 1½N 199 65% 101 14% 89 25% 44 ( 0% 63 28% 34 8% 54 4% 9 ( 1% 23 10% Maize RF ½N 38 9% 43 0% 104 13% 23 ( 1% 68 39% Maize RF 1½N 37 18% 20 12% Maize Rye ½N 69 5% 42 8% Maize Rye 1½N

  8. Tabel. Nitrate leaching from silage maize undersown with grasses. Preliminary results 2009. Kg NO3-N /ha Soil-type Coarse sand Fine sand Average 1) Grass/ Maize Grass/ Maize Grain Prev. crop clover clover Maize ½N 103 65 78 19 63 66 Maize 1N 157 62 51 79 Maize 1½N 199 101 89 44 108 Extra leaching by 1 & 1½N Maize 1N + 55 -3 -12 + 13 Maize 1½N + 85 + 36 + 13 + 36 + 43 + 11 + 15 + 13 Maize Rye 1N + 32 + 22 + 27 Maize Rye 1½N When excess of nitrogen after grass/clover the leaching is increaseedconsiderably when applyingextra nitrogen. Undersown grassesreduces the leaching considerably

  9. Tabel. Nitrate leaching from silage maize undersown with grasses. Preliminary results 2009. Kg NO3-N /ha Soil-type Coarse sand Fine sand Average 1) Grass/ Maize Grain Grass/ Maize Grain Prev. crop clover clover Maize ½N 103 65 78 19 63 66 Maize 1N 157 62 51 79 Maize 1½N 199 101 89 44 108 Reduced leaching by undersown grasses -40 -31 -24 -10 -40 -29 Maize RF ½N -41 -4 -16 Maize RF 1N -161 -58 -21 -59 -15 Maize RF 1½N -66 -45 -56 Maize Rye ½N -109 -27 -68 Maize Rye 1N -130 -59 -95 Maize Rye 1½N 28% reduction 56% reduc- tion Undersown grassesreduces the leaching considerably

  10. Tabel. Nitrate leaching from silage maize undersown with grasses. Preliminary results 2009. Kg NO3-N /ha Soil-type Coarse sand Fine sand Average Grass/ Maize Grass/ Maize Grain Prev. crop clover clover Reduced leaching from previus crop maize and grain compared with previus crop grass/clover, different trials. Red Red Red Maize ½N 103 -38 78 -59 -15 -37 Maize 1½N 199 -98 89 -45 -60 -29 54 -45 -31 -35 Maize RF ½N 63 38 5 104 -81 -36 -37 Maize RF 1½N -17 -17 37 Maize Rye ½N 69 -27 -27 Maize Rye 1½N

  11. Soil-type Coarse sand Fine sand 1) Grass/ Grain Grass/ Maize Maize Prev. crop clover clover N-balance [kg N/ha] Maize ½N -61 -65 -76 -59 Maize 1½N 34 15 43 61 Maize RF ½N -60 -30 -79 -37 Maize RF 1½N 35 48 40 76 Maize Rye ½N -71 -64 -68 -56 Maize Rye 1½N 40 49 42 71 Typically maize silage remove more N thenappliedtotaly

  12. Soil-type Coarse sand Fine sand Grass/ Maize Grain Grass/ Maize Grain Prev. crop clover clover Yield loss when undersown grass 2009-2010, [100 SFU/ha] Maize RF ½N 2 -21 -19 0 -3 -4 Maize RF 1N 10 -10 -4 3 1 3 Maize RF 1½N 12 6 -2 0 5 9 Maize Rye ½N 5 0 -1 -1 Maize Rye 1N 7 12 -2 7 Maize Rye 1½N 0 14 -4 4 • - Maize grown after grass/clover is not influensed by undersown grasses. • Up to 1/3 yield loss in silage maize grown after maize or • grain (lowmineralizatiion), when ½ N-fertilization and • undersown with a well developed red fescue

  13. Soil-type Coarse sand Fine sand Grass/ Maize Grain Grass/ Maize Grain Prev. crop clover clover Yield responce per kg "fert-N" applied 2009-2010, [SFU/N] Maize 1N 9 22 11 4 1 28 Maize 1½N 13 4 -18 -3 19 1 Maize RF 1N 13 18 25 6 6 5 Maize RF 1½N 3 26 3 -6 8 9 Maize Rye 1N 4 21 -2 14 Maize Rye 1½N -4 6 -2 -6 Low yield reponse in maize grown after grass/clover

  14. Conclusion • Grasses undersown in maize reduces leaching. • It is difficult to get the optimal balance between maize and grasses. • Grasses wanted -with high N-uptake capacity -no depression on maize yield Maize after grass/clover is not affected by N or undersown grasses Maize after maize(grain) can be strong reduced be competion from undersown grasses

  15. Extras

  16. Soil-type Coarse sand Fine sand Grass/ Maize Grain Grass/ Maize Grain Prev. crop clover clover Feed "energy" yield, [100 SFU/ha], 2009-2010 Maize ½N 118 133 129 101 114 114 Maize 1N 123 148 135 104 115 131 Maize 1½N 131 150 124 102 126 101 Maize RF ½N 119 112 110 101 111 109 Maize RF 1N 127 124 125 105 115 103 Maize RF 1½N 129 139 127 101 119 124 Maize Rye ½N 123 133 100 113 Maize Rye 1N 125 145 99 121 Maize Rye 1½N 110 137 98 118

  17. Herbiside affects Braccica, photo 23. June

  18. Chicory Vinterrape Foto: ISK Formyre d 1/11-2009 Foto: ISK Formyre d. 1/11-2009

  19. Poa annua makes problems ISK, Foulumgaard d. 19/6 2009

  20. ISK, Foulumgaard d. 28/7-09 Radrensning lykkedes fint, men kvik !

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