Learning

Learning Session 10

What is Learning?

Learning Learning Any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience. • Learning • Involves change • Is relatively permanent • Is acquired through experience

What is Unlearning?

Have you ever been able to bring about a permanent change in behavior?

Teaching Smart People How to Learn?Chris Argyris

Theories of Learning Classical Conditioning A type of conditioning in which an individual responds to some stimulus that would not ordinarily produce such a response. Behavior is based on Stimulus – Response Behavior is involuntary or reflexive

Theories of Learning (cont’d) Operant Conditioning A type of conditioning in which desired voluntary behavior leads to a reward or prevents a punishment. Behavior is a function of its consequences. Reinforcement Behavior is voluntary

Theories of Learning (cont’d) Social-Learning Theory People can learn through observation and direct experience. • Key Concepts • Attentional processes • Retention processes • Motor reproduction processes • Reinforcement processes

Theories of Learning (cont’d) Shaping Behavior Systematically reinforcing each successive step that moves an individual closer to the desired response. • Key Concepts • Reinforcement is required to change behavior. • The timing of reinforcement affects learning speed and permanence.

Types of Shaping Behavior • Positive reinforcement • Providing a reward for a desired behavior. • Negative reinforcement • Removing an unpleasant consequence when the desired behavior occurs. • Punishment • Applying an undesirable condition to eliminate an undesirable behavior. • Extinction • Withholding reinforcement of a behavior to cause its cessation.

Schedules of Reinforcement Continuous Reinforcement A desired behavior is reinforced each time it is demonstrated. Intermittent Reinforcement A desired behavior is reinforced often enough to make the behavior worth repeating but not every time it is demonstrated.

Fixed-ratio Schedules of Reinforcement (cont’d)

Behavior Modification The application of reinforcement concepts to individuals in the work setting. - Classic study of Freight Packers at Emery Air Freight • Five Step Problem-Solving Model • Identify critical behaviors • Develop baseline data • Identify behavioral consequences • Develop and apply intervention • Evaluate performance improvement

Kolb’s Learning Cycle Diverging (concrete, reflective) Cooperative groups, brainstorming Assimilating (abstract, reflective) Design projects, experiments Converging (abstract, active) Technical problems over interpersonal issues Accommodating (concrete, active) Solving problems through intuition and trial and error

OB MOD Organizational Applications • Well Pay versus Sick Pay • Reduces absenteeism by rewarding attendance, not absence. • Employee Discipline • The use of punishment can be counter-productive. • Developing Training Programs • OB MOD methods improve training effectiveness. • Self-management • Reduces the need for external management control.

Learning

Learning

Presentation Transcript

Learning and Lifelong learning

Learning About Learning

Reinforcement Learning : Learning Algorithms

Learning E-Learning: Introduction

Blended Learning , Better Learning

Learning and Learning LiveCode

Learning styles Learning Preferences Learning Strategies

HUMAN LEARNING AND LEARNING

Learning about learning

Machine learning: Unsupervised learning

Learning about learning

Mobility + Learning = Mobile Learning

Active Learning = Deep Learning

Learning and Learning Disabilities

Learning Unit – learning consultant

Learning inside, learning outside

Learning Teaching Teaching Learning

Learning Technologies E-Learning