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Q.O.D.

Q.O.D. Describe the process of cellular respiration – Give an overview of the process Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Chapter 7: Cellular Respiration. Section 7-1: Glycolysis and Fermentation. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation. Chapter 7.

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Q.O.D.

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  1. Q.O.D. Describe the process of cellular respiration – Give an overview of the process Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration

  2. Chapter 7: Cellular Respiration Section 7-1: Glycolysis and Fermentation

  3. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 Photosynthesis-Cellular Respiration Cycle

  4. I. Introduction to Cellular Respiration • Definition: • Organisms: • Equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP) • Three stages: • Glycolysis • Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) • Electron Transport Chain

  5. Biochemical Pathways • 2 pathways that can be taken • Aerobic • Glucose  glycolysis  Aerobic respiration • Anaerobic • Glucose  glycolysis  Fermentation

  6. Glycolysis – An overview • In: • Glucose • Out: • 2 molecules of pyruvic acid • Location: • Anaerobic

  7. Steps of Glycolysis • Step 1: 2 ATP’s give (P) to glucose • Step 2: Glucose breaks down to 2 PGAL • Step 3: PGALs are oxidized • 2NAD+ + 2H+ + 4 e-  2NADH • Step 4: Remove (P) from PGALs  pyruvic acids • 4 ATPs produced

  8. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 Glycolysis

  9. Results • In: • 1 Glucose • 2 ATP • Out: • 2 Pyruvic acids • 4 ATP • 2 NADH

  10. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration Versus Fermentation

  11. Fermentation • Anaerobic • Do not produce ATP • Regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis • 2 Types: • Lactic Acid Fermentation • Alcoholic Fermentation

  12. Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 Two Types of Fermentation

  13. Energy Yield • Kilocalorie = 1,000 calories • Complete breakdown of glucose: 686 kcal • Glycolysis: 3.5% • Not enough

  14. Chapter 7: Cellular Respiration Section 7-2: Aerobic Respiration

  15. Overview • Aerobic • Location: • 2 stages: • Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid cycle) • Electron Transport chain and Chemiosmosis

  16. To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.

  17. The Citric Acid Cycle - Overview • After glycolysis • Location: • Precursor step: Formation of acetyl-CoA • Each pyruvic acid loses a carbon  Carbon dioxide • Remaining 2 carbons combine with Coenzyme A  acetyl-CoA

  18. Precursor React-Citric Acid To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.

  19. Citric Acid Cycle To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.

  20. Steps of the Krebs Cycle • Step 1: 2 carbons of acetyl-CoA combines with 4-C oxaloacetic acid  citric acid (6-C) • Step 2: CO2 is released • Citric acid is oxidized  NADH • Step 3: CO2 is released again • Oxidation  NADH • ADP + P  ATP

  21. Step 4: 4-C compound releases a H+  FADH2 • Step 5: Hydrogen is released again  NADH • Oxaloacetic acid is regenerated

  22. Totals from Krebs Cycle • Per pyruvic acid: • 1 ATP • 4 NADH (one from formation of acetyl-CoA) • 1 FADH2 • 3 CO2 (one from formation of acetyl-CoA) • Per glucose: • 2 ATP • 8 NADH • 2 FADH2 • 6CO2

  23. Q.O.D. Compare and Contrast photosynthesis to cellular respiration.

  24. Electron Transport Chain • Electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 provide energy to produce ATP • Location: • Creates concentration gradient of H+ in intermembrane space • Chemiosmosis creates ATP • H+ move from intermembrane space  matrix

  25. Section 2 Aerobic Respiration Chapter 7 Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis

  26. Electron Transport Chain – Role of O2 • Final electron acceptor • Electrons are low energy when get to end of the chain • O2 picks up electrons to allow process to continue • O2 + 4e- + 4H+ 2H2O

  27. Energy Yield • Glycolysis • 2 ATP • 2 NADH  6 ATP • Krebs Cycle • 2 ATP • 8 NADH  24 ATP • 2 FADH2  4 ATP • Electron Transport + Chemiosmosis • ATP’s generated from NADH and FADH2

  28. Stores energy Chloroplast Reactants: Water, CO2, energy Products: Glucose, O2 Releases energy Mitochondria Reactants: Glucose, O2 Products: Water, CO2, energy Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration

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