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Selecting Transmit Powers and Carrier Sense Thresholds in CSMA

Jason Fuemmeler, Nitin Vaidya, Venugopal Veeravalli ECE Department & Coordinated Science Lab University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign http://www.crhc.uiuc.edu/wireless/ WICON 2006 Boston, MA August 3, 2006 Funded in part by NSF and by a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship.

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Selecting Transmit Powers and Carrier Sense Thresholds in CSMA

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  1. Jason Fuemmeler, Nitin Vaidya, Venugopal Veeravalli ECE Department & Coordinated Science Lab University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign http://www.crhc.uiuc.edu/wireless/ WICON 2006 Boston, MA August 3, 2006 Funded in part by NSF and by a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Selecting Transmit Powers and Carrier Sense Thresholds in CSMA

  2. Medium Access Control The wireless channel All nodes share same medium Nodes can interfere with one another Channel can support multiple transmissions if separated in space (spatial reuse) Medium Access Control (MAC) is needed to use the channel effectively Question: How can we design MAC protocols to maximize spatial reuse?

  3. Power Control Power control can be used to increase spatial reuse MAC protocols utilizing power control must perform a balancing act Must maintain desired SINR at each receiver Need interference margin at each receiver to maintain this SINR Increasing transmit power increases interference margin But increasing transmit power increases interference to other transmissions

  4. Previous Research PCMA [Monks01] Busy tones sent on out-of-band channel to communicate current interference margins PCDC, POWMAC [Muqattash03, Muqattash04] Control frames sent at maximum power to communicate information about transmission powers and interference margins Transmission power selection strategies in these protocols left unjustified

  5. Previous Research CS Threshold Selection in 802.11 [Zhu04] Does not address selection of transmit powers In our work, we address both transmit power and carrier sense threshold selection in the IEEE 802.11 protocol

  6. Physical Carrier Sensing We primarily consider physical carrier sensing How it works: Node is allowed to transmit only if channel is idle Channel assumed to be idle only if total power seen at its location is less than carrier sense (CS) threshold Idle channel should mean that transmitting will not cause a collision

  7. A Two-Link Setup B D A C power S CS Threshold distance

  8. A Two-Link Setup B D A C power S I distance

  9. Analytical Results Collisions are doubly bad Waste channel resources now Waste channel resources upon retransmission Intuitively, to prevent collisions large transmit power => small CS threshold Analysis of collision prevention yields that the product of the transmit power and the CS threshold should remain constant throughout the network Bounds the amount of interference one link can pose to another

  10. Notation pt: transmit power pcs: carrier sense threshold g: channel gain on the link γ: required SINR η: thermal noise β: the constant product k: number of worst-case interferers assumed

  11. The Equations

  12. The Role of k Analysis uses collocation approximation A potential interferer sees same gain to both transmitter and receiver The value of k accounts for: The local topology around the link Any error introduced by the collocation approximation For k sufficiently large, collisions will be prevented on the link

  13. ns-2 Simulation Setup PHY layer was modified to be more accurate RTS/CTS disabled – physical carrier sensing dominant η set to 0 to explore upper limit in spatial reuse UDP traffic, heavily loaded Topologies consisting of randomly placed links

  14. Sample Topology

  15. Schemes Considered Fixed Rx Power Power at receiver held constant, CS threshold a free parameter Fixed Tx Power Transmit power held constant, CS threshold a free parameter Static k Our scheme with β held constant, k a free parameter Dynamic k (next slide)

  16. Dynamic k Scheme Each link adjusts its value of k dynamically Uses transmission failures as feedback Attempts to find minimum value of k such that collisions are prevented on that link Minimum k <=> Minimum transmit power Algorithm used is heuristic

  17. Throughput Comparisons

  18. Fairness Issues Our scheme does lead to some unfairness Links with high CS thresholds get to transmit more often In general, short links are given preference Could perhaps mitigate unfairness by having short links voluntarily lower CS threshold Fairness Measure:

  19. Fairness Comparisons

  20. Conclusions Analyzed collision prevention conditions Concluded that product of transmit power and CS threshold should remain constant throughout network Simulation results indicate increased spatial reuse

  21. Future Research More detailed simulations Comparisons with non-802.11-based schemes Understand interactions with virtual carrier sensing Better justified algorithm for adjustment of k Mitigation of unfairness

  22. The End Thanks for you attention! Questions?

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