Optimization Mastering the planning objectives Demo: Carmen Crew Pairing

1. Crew Planning • Optimization • Mastering the planning objectives • Demo: Carmen Crew Pairing • Demo: Carmen Crew Rostering • Summary

2. Optimization

3. Optimization Optimization Better optimization means more room for increased stability and more business opportunities. • Predictability • Flexibility • Holistic view • Best of breed optimization always pays off

4. Optimization Target Mastery Change Power Power Integration Products concepts Stability Process changes Flexibility Control Speed Satisfied crew Savings Simulation capability Good forecasting No sub-optimization

5. Optimization Target Mastery Control and predictability of results • Know what you get • Create scenarios • Create low cost solutions • Create stable solutions • Investigate trade-offs

6. Optimization Change Power The ability to quickly implement new business rules and processes • You can always change your mind • New agreements, new bases, revised timetables, etc • Decrease the lead-time of change (of both solution properties and the process itself) • Consistent legality, quality and cost constraints in all systems

7. Optimization Power Integration Simultaneous optimization and integration of different resources • Don’t sub-optimize • Always use best of breed applications • Always regard all necessary resources • Always have access to relevant data

8. Optimization Optimization: Set partitioning • Select the a number of pairings, such that all legs are covered and the total cost is minimised. This is a very hard optimization problem. Rosters or crew pairings min C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 leg 1 1 1 0 10 = 1 leg 2 1 1 0 00 = 1 leg 3 0 0 1 01 = 1 leg 4 0 1 1 10 = 1 leg 5 1 0 1 11 = 1 min cx Ax=b Flight or pairing

9. 115 Optimization 0 The Optimization methods allows a global approach where the total cost/quality is important. (Individual extreme cases can of course still be avoided.) 112 101 110 110 112 112 107 95 89 94 98 92 128 128 120 65 82 84 58 0 0 0 0 75 130 ??? 450 419 414 340 332 390 128 0 0 Optimize

10. Optimization Carmen Rave • The same legality tool in all products • Short lead-times to introduce new rules • Very important when performing simulations • Clients estimate that Rave gives more than 2% additional savings RULE max_duty = %duty% <= 10:00; REMARK “Maximal duty”; END

11. Optimization Lufthansa • Legality • Quality • Costs • Reports • Interfaces • Colours • etc... Air France Core product Deutsche Bahn British Airways • Optimization methods • GUI • Modelling tools like Rave and the report generator • Basic functionality

12. Optimization Optimization Benefits • Reduce costs • Increase stability • Easy to change business rules and processes • Control planning trade-off effects (e.g. cost, stability, crew influence) • Detailed simulations to support informed decisions

13. Mastering the planning objectives

14. Product Overview Carmen Integrated Operations Control Carmen Passenger Tracking Carmen Fleet Assignment Carmen Tail Assignment Carmen Aircraft Tracking Anonymous fleet assignment Aircraft Routings Carmen Roster Maintenance Carmen Crew Pairing Carmen Crew Rostering Carmen Crew Tracking Anonymous pairings Rosters Carmen Time Table Manager Carmen Rave (Global Modelling Language) Carmen Crew Communicator

15. The Planning Objectives • Improved utilization of resources • Increased operational stability • Measurability and control • Increased service level to the end consumer (passenger, cargo)

16. Planning Objectives Improved utilization of resources • Reduce crew size • Reduce crew costs (e.g. hotel, per diem, positioning, etc) • Allow crew to influence their rosters

17. Planning Objectives Increased operational stability • Start planning later • Plan crew to minimise delays (e.g. crew synchronisation, buffers) • Synchronise crew and fleet (minimize critical aircraft changes)

18. Planning Objectives Measurability and control • Simulate effects from changes (new union agreements, changed crew base structure, fleet restructuring, etc) • Cost control of the entire process • Reduce complexity in planning process (e.g. remove lose-lose rules, put crew in control over quality aspects) • Increase predictability in result (by making quality, cost and stability aspects independent of individual interpretations)

19. Integration and Simulation • Integration within planning • Simulations to support long-term decisions • Simulations as a part of the planning process • Simulations to explain results

20. Integration and Simulation Integration within crew planning • Regard roster pre-assignments when creating pairings • Allow pairings to be moved between bases in rostering • Create preliminary pairings and rosters to find future bottlenecks • Connect the planning more with the post-planning processes • Evaluate pairings and rosters returned from day of operations

21. Integration and Simulation Simulations to support long-term decisions • The potential in renegotiating the crew agreements • The consequence of detailed changes • The consequence of changing the base distribution • The consequence of a new flight schedule, network or a new fleet structure • The consequence of changing the payment structure

22. Integration and Simulation Simulations as part of the planning process Always produce plans for • Real plans • Lowest possible cost • Industrial rules benchmarking • Crew requests status report • Easier to perform relevant reporting to upper management • Increase the cost awareness in the planning department • Promotes planners to explore the new technology

23. Integration and Simulation Published Key Figures Cost Max PBS Published No quality and no PBS Industrialregulations JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB 2001 2002

24. Integration and Simulation Explaining results • “How can the planning be efficient when I have two blank days, and three deadheads in my roster this month?" • “The meaning with any change is to trick us into working more!“ • “Why are we having less block time per crew than airline X?“

25. Carmen Crew Rostering Minimizing crew costs and achieving stability

26. Carmen Crew Pairing Carmen Crew Pairing – Short Demo • Create a solution (both seasonal and dated) • Create many scenarios • Analyse the result • Manual operations • Always legality control • Apply seasonal planningto a new time period • Change legality

27. Carmen Crew Pairing – Start the optimizer Open flights Select flights and start an optimization session in the background . . . . . .

28. Carmen Crew Pairing – Start the optimizer Crew pairings Total solution cost for each improved solution It is always possibleto monitor the optimization sessions, and to analyzeavailable sub solutions . . . . . .

29. Carmen Crew Pairing – Monitor the solutions Key figures are always available both from the monitoring system andfrom the pairing editor

30. Carmen Crew Pairing – Rolling-out Dated pairings Some pairings contains cancelled flights Roll out weekly pairing solution Additional open flights It is possible to apply an already available standard pairing to a new period. And some pairings becomes illegal

31. Carmen Crew Pairing – Repair solution The system can repair a a standard solution applied on a new period

32. Carmen Crew Pairing – Directly to dated It is also possible to perform dated planning directly from open flights

33. Carmen Crew Pairing – Legality control Illegal pairing Generic control panel for legality, quality and cost The system makes sure that no illegal pairings are created by the optimization or in the pairing editor

34. Carmen Crew Pairing – Changing legality Adding a rule with Carmen Rave RULE max_duty = %duty% <= 10:00; REMARK “Maximal duty”; END

35. Carmen Crew Pairing – Changing legality The system immediately respects the new rule Generic control panel for legality, quality and cost A Rave programmer creates the rule Adding a new legality rule to the system

36. Carmen Crew Rostering Lowering crew costs and high quality of life

37. Carmen Crew Rostering Carmen Crew Rostering – Short Demo • Manual editing of rosters • Look for resource bottlenecks • Create a solution • Analysis reports • Changing legality • Create scenarios • Improve an already existing solution

38. Carmen Crew Rostering Pre-plannedtime off Production from previous planning period Time-off request Ground duty Previous planning periods Open production (pairings and standby blocks) Select crew members and open production (e.g. crew pairings and standby blocks)

39. Carmen Crew Rostering – Manual interaction It is always possible to edit details in a solution, at any stage.

40. Carmen Crew Rostering – Manual interaction Assigning internal meetings to administrative pilots.

41. Carmen Crew Rostering – Manual interaction Copying parts of a roster.

42. Crew Rostering – Analyse the problem Forecast report Critical resource situation Run production forecast report.

43. Crew Rostering – Start the optimizer Cover production Stability Requests Fairness Set trade-off settings and start optimizer

44. Crew Rostering – Trade-offs Controlling Trade-off effects • Productivity (few crew members, low hotel and allowance cost, etc) • Stability (rest buffers on strategic duty, efficient stand-by patterns, etc) • Fairness (fair distribution of free weekends, attractive layovers, etc) • Individual preferences / crew requests(late check in, short pairings, specific time off, etc) • Service level, long-term stability, high revenue flights, etc

45. Carmen Crew Rostering – Monitor the solutions Comparing quality of long-term duty distribution, preferences and fairness Total solution cost for each improved solution It is always possible to monitor each scenario while it is being further improved. All open production covered

46. Carmen Crew Rostering – Monitor the solutions Any reports can be created with Rave Publisher. (The example shows a roster overview and crew requests.)

47. Carmen Crew Rostering – Improving or scenarios It is always possible to improve a scenario even further, e.g. by changingsome parameters.

48. Carmen Crew Rostering – Improving or scenarios It is always possible to improve a scenario even further, e.g. by changingsome parameters.

49. Summary • More efficient crew planning • Easy to change objectives and processes • Cost and stability control • Simulations and scenarios • Crew requests

50. www.carmensystems.com carmen@carmensystems.com