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Distributed Systems

A comprehensive guide exploring distributed systems & computing, covering key concepts, latest trends, and hands-on project work to deepen understanding. Learn about Cloud Computing, Big Data, Blockchains, and emerging Research Areas. Enhance technical and theoretical knowledge through insightful lectures, discussions, and paper reviews. Get practical advice on succeeding in academia with tips on research, presentation skills, and managing graduate school challenges. Embrace collaborative learning and advance your career in the ever-evolving field of Distributed Systems.

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Distributed Systems

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  1. DistributedSystems • FromWiki • Adistributedsystemisamodelinwhichcomponentslocatedonnetworkedcomputerscommunicateandcoordinatetheiractionsbypassingmessages. • Agrowingnumberofrealsystemsaredistributed • Web • Distributedfilesystems:GFS,NFS,Zookeeper… • Distributeddatabases:MySQL • Cloud • Blockchain • …

  2. DistributedSystemsandComputing • Cloudcomputing • Bigdata • Blockchains • Scalablewebservices? • Highperformancecomputing • Distributedsystems:Thelarge-scaleinfrastructuresystemsthataremakingthesepossible

  3. ThisCourse • AdvancedTopicsinDistributedSystems • Overviewoftheconceptsandprinciples • Formalizingtheideasanddesign • Researchareasandtrends • Youwillhaveagoodunderstandingofbothtechnicalsidesandtheoreticalsidesofmostdistributedsystemsrelatedtopics

  4. ClassInfo • OfficeHour • MyOffice:ITE426 • Tue3-4:30pm,Fri2-4pm • Makeanappointmentotherwise • Emailisthebestwaytoreachme • sduan@umbc.edu • Classwebsite: • http://sduan.informationsystems.umbc.edu/classes/IS800/IS800-Spring2019.html

  5. Classwebsitehttp://sduan.informationsystems.umbc.edu/classes/IS800/IS800-Spring2019.htmlClasswebsitehttp://sduan.informationsystems.umbc.edu/classes/IS800/IS800-Spring2019.html • Google“SisiDuan”->mywebsite->Teaching->IS698/800

  6. Grading • ClassParticipation(5%) • Inclassdiscussion • PaperReview(30%) • Project(40%) • InClassLecture(25%)

  7. ClassProject • Chooseanytopiconyourownrelatedtodistributedsystems • Comeupwithyourownorchoosefromthelistoftopics • Teamof1-2people • Aresearchproject • Mustadvancecollectiveknowledgeinsomerelevantnewway • Mustcontainauniquecontributionthatisnotincludedinanyotherofyourpastorpresentprojects

  8. ClassProjectSteps • Formulatetheproblem • Literaturereview(Researchandunderstandrelatedworks,7-10papers) • Proposeanewapproachandformulateyourhypothesis • (Optional)Implementpartsofyourapproachthatarevitaltoverifyingyourhypothesis • (Optional)Evaluateyourimplementationinthecontextofyourhypothesis • Writeupandpresentyourresults

  9. ClassProjectSubmissions • Deliverable1(10%) • Teamformation,projecttopic,roughplan • Deliverable2(20%) • Progress(literaturereview) • ProgressPresentation(20%,beforespringbreak) • FinalReport(25%) • Presentation(25%,lastweekoftheclass) • Moredetailslater

  10. PaperReview • Youareexpectedtoreviewupto1paperperweek,whichwillbecoveredinclass • Thelistwillbesharedonthewebsiteunder“Deadlines”

  11. PaperReviewSubmissions • Beforetheclass: • Youareexpectedtowriteareviewaccordingtothetemplate • Feelfreetoaddothercontents/detailsandadjustthetemplateaccordingtoyourunderstanding • Aftertheclass: • Youareexpectedtoaddcommentsandaddnewreviewstotheend • Submitthe review by the end of every Monday • New comments can be submitted together with the next review submission

  12. InClassLecture • Inthesecondhalfofthesemester • Onestudent-leadpresentationperclass • Oneprimarypaperpresentation(50minutesintotal) • Thelistofprimarypapersandpresentationtimewillbeprovidedlaterinclass • Bidforyourpresentation

  13. InClassLecture • Primarypaperpresentation(50minutes) • 40minuteshigh-qualitypresentationofthetechnicaldetails • Youcanfindotherresources/relatedworkstosupportyourpresentation • Youcanpresentyourowncommentstothepaper • 10minutesdiscussionledbythepresenter • Gradeisbasedonbothpresentationqualityanddiscussionthatfollows • Anonymousreviewswillbeprovidedbyotherstudents

  14. Tipstosucceed • Planaheadoftime • Presentationsandlectures • Rehearseandgetwellprepared

  15. Why? • Learninghowtodoresearchisgoodforyourcareer,nomatterwhatyourcareeris. • Reading(buildingknowledge) • Organizeyourknowledge,identifyyourinterests • Developinganidea • Putitintopractice • Presentation(bothwrittenandoralpresentations)–howtoexpressyourideas

  16. Howtosucceed? • Howtosucceedingraduateschool:aguideforstudentsandadvisors.MariedesJardins.ACMStudentMagazine,1995. • Howtoreadapaper?S.Keshav.UniversityofWaterloo.2016. • Howtogiveatalk?MargoI.Seltzer.HarvardUniversity,1994. • Howtohaveabadcareerinresearch/academia.DavidPatterson.UCBerkerley.1997.

  17. HowtoSucceedinGraduateSchool whichappliestoanycareerimo

  18. HowtoSucceedinGraduateSchool • Graduateschool • Veryunstructuredenvironment • It’s even hard to know exactly what it is you are supposed to be learning • No deadlines for anything, unlike coursework.

  19. HowtoSucceedinGraduateSchool • Daily Grind • Keeping a journal of your research activities and ideas • Write down speculations, interesting problems, possible solutions, random ideas, references, notes on papers, outline of papers to write • Read back periodically • Readpapersselectively • Makesureapaperisworthreadingbeforereadingit • Understandthemotivationbehindthepaper

  20. HowtoSucceedinGraduateSchool • Staymotivated • Settingupdaily,weekly,andmonthlygoals(whichreallyworksforme) • Breakingdowneveryprojectintosmallerpieces • Divide-and-conquer

  21. HowtoSucceedinGraduateSchool • Findinganidea(foryourprojectorthesis) • Futureworksectionofpapersyouareinterestedin • Startfromdevelopingandimplementinganextensiontoanexistingsystemortechnique • Thetopicshouldbeinterestingtoyou,youradvisor,andtheresearchcommunity • Stayawareofrelatedresearch • Pickanarrow,welldefinedtopic • Agoodtopicshouldbetryingtosolvearealproblem,notatoyproblem • Solidtheoreticalwork,goodempiricalresults,orpreferablyboth • Writeanoutlineofproblem,possiblesolutionsifyouhaveany

  22. HowtoSucceedinGraduateSchool • Writingthesis(orprojectreport) • Divideandconquer • Haveanoutlineanddefinesomesmalltasks,e.g.,finishonesectioneveryday • Youcanwriteatacoarsegranularityandsuccessivelyrefineyourthesis • Don’tfeelobligatedtowriteitperfectlythefirsttime • Rememberthatyouraudienceisalmostguaranteedtobelessfamiliarwithyoursubjectthanyouare

  23. HowtoSucceedinGraduateSchool • Otherusefultips • Gettingfeedbackfromotherpeers,researchers,professorsforyourresearch • Networkingatconferencesandbecomingpartoftheresearchcommunity • Publishingpapers(andsetupgoalsforthis) • …

  24. HowtoReadaPaper?

  25. HowtoReadaPaper? • Atypicalresearcherwilllikelyspendhundredsofhourseveryyearreadingpapers • Learningefficientlyreadapaperisataughtskill • “For many years I have used a simple ‘three-pass’ approach to prevent me from drowning in the details of a paper be- fore getting a bird’s-eye-view. It allows me to estimate the amount of time required to review a set of papers. Moreover, I can adjust the depth of paper evaluation depending on my needs and how much time I have. “

  26. Thethree-passapproach • Eachpasshasadifferentgoal • Thefirstpass • Generalideaaboutthepaper • Thesecondpass • Graspthepaper’scontent,butnotitsdetails • Thethirdpass • Helpyouunderstandthepaperindepth

  27. Thethree-passapproach • Thefirstpass • Carefullyreadtitle,abstract,andintroduction • Readheadings • Glancethetheoreticalfoundations • Readtheconclusions • Answerthesequestions • Whattypeofpaperisthis?Analysis,researchprototype,evaluation? • Context:whataretherelevantpapers?(markthoserelatedworkyoufeelinterested) • Correctness:Dotheassumptionsappeartobevalid? • Contributions? • Well-written? • Youcanchoosewhetheryouwantthesecondandthethirdpassalready • Mostreviewersonlyhaveonepassoverit

  28. Thethree-passapproach • Thesecondpass • Lookcarefullyatthefigures,diagrams,andotherillustrations • Dotheymatchtheconclusionstheymadeinothersections? • Lookforrelevantunreadreferencesforfurtherreading(Idothisallthetimeandfinditusefulforliteraturereview) • Uptoanhourforanexperiencedreader • Afterthispass • Youshouldbeabletosummarizethemainthrustofthepaper(Mysuggestion:trytosummarizeyourselfwithoutthinkingaboutthethosewritteninthepaper.Thenyoucancomparewiththem.) • It’scommontounderstandthepaperafterthesecondpass

  29. Thethree-passapproach • Thethirdpass • Fullyunderstandthepaper • Attempttovirtuallyre-implementthepaper • Trytore-createtheworkyourself • Mysuggestion:trytoproveyourself(ifapplicable),howyouwillemphasizethecontributionsifyouweretheauthor • Trytojotdownideasforfuturework • Maytakemanyhoursforbeginnersandmorethananhourortwoevenforanexperiencedreader.

  30. Howtodoliteraturereview • Usegooglescholartosearchforwell-chosenkeywordsandfindhighlycitedpapers(youcanevenstartfromsurveypapers) • Findsharedcitationsandrepeatedauthornamesinthereferences • Ifindthisextremelyuseful.ThereareafewresearchersIalwaysfollowevenuptonow. • Gotothewebsitefortopconferencesandlookthroughrecentproceedings

  31. MyTips • FrommyPhDadvisor:Whenyoureadapaper,lookforsomethingthathasnotbeendone • Findyourownwaytomanagingyourknowledge • Makesureyouunderstandwellenoughbeforeyouproposeanynewideas • Trytosummarizeotherpeople’scontributionsyourself,thenitwillbeeasyforyoutomake/judgeyourowncontributions • Makeanexpectation/scheduleforyourselfduringreading.Don’twasteyourtime!

  32. Why? • Learninghowtodoresearchisgoodforyourcareer,nomatterwhatyourcareeris. • Reading(buildingknowledge)–PaperReviewsandProject • Organizeyourknowledge,identifyyourinterests–Project,lecture • Developinganidea--Project • Putitintopractice--Project • Presentation(bothwrittenandoralpresentations)–howtoexpressyourideas–Projectpresentationandlecture

  33. HowtoGiveaTalk

  34. MyTips • Whatyoudoandwhyyoudoitismoreimportantthanhowyoudoit • Agoodresearchtalkshouldmakepeoplewanttoreadyourreport/paperandtalktoyouafteryourtalk • Practicepracticepractice(writedowneverythingyouplantotalkaboutifneeded) • Haveotherpeoplegiveyoufeedback

  35. HowtoHaveaBadCareerinResearch/Academia

  36. MyTips • Begoodatmakingcomplexthingssimple • Youshoulddeliveryourideainahighlyorganizedwaysothatpeoplecaneasilyfollowyouridea/thoughts • Experiencedresearcherscanalmostknowwhatyouhavedoneafterthefirstpass! • Begoodatmakingsimplethingscomplex • Formalizeyourideas,assumptions,models,etc. • Insteadofsaying:theproposedworkisnovel,saysomethingelse!E.g.,ourworksadvancesthestate-of-the-artworksby0.5%accuracy.Furthermore,tothebestofourknowledge,itisthefirstknownworkthatutilizesXXXinXXX.

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