Fundamentals of Library Development: Library Policy 图书馆发展基础 : 图书馆政策 Carol Priestley

ITIE2012: Libraries as Community Education Centers5th International Conference on Information Technology in EducationHangzhou Public Library, Zhejiang Province, China, November 19 and 20th Fundamentals of Library Development: Library Policy 图书馆发展基础: 图书馆政策 Carol Priestley Director, NIDA 信息和数字网络主管

This presentation will include:演讲内容 • Introduction介绍 • Definition of library policy图书馆政策的定义 • Outline of international research findings 国际研究成果概要 • Process towards developing library policy 发展图书馆政策的过程 • Conclusion结论

Definitions:定义 ‘policy’ – in simple terms a plan of action or a statement of aims and objectives providing a framework for action 政策: 简单而言指一项行动计划或对宗旨和目标的陈述，它提供一个行动纲领。 i.e. a policy is developed with the intention to guide, influence and determine decisions, actions and other matters 也就是说，政策是用来指导、影响和决定决策、行动和其他事项。

Definitions:定义 ‘a national policy’: a statement of a government’s perception of and commitment to a particular sector 国家政策：声明一个政府对特定行业的看法和承诺 ‘a national library policy’: a framework for the planned and coordinated development of a country’s libraries; a plan of action and a statement of ideals proposed or adopted by government 国家图书馆政策：一个国家的图书馆计划和协调发展的框架；由政府提出或采纳的行动目标和计划

Definitions:定义 In many countries ‘policy’ is not the same as ‘legislation’, ‘acts’, ‘guidelines’ or regulations. 在许多国家，“政策”与“法律”、“法规”、“准则”或“规则”是不一样的。 Legislation/acts: lay down statutory responsibilities; library policy must conform to relevant current law. Changes in the law usually necessitate the updating of an existing policy. 法律/法规：制订法定职责。图书馆政策必须符合现行有关法律。现有的政策通常需要随法律、法规的变化而更新。

Definitions:定义 Manuals of procedures, guidelines: provide guidance on the best and most efficient ways of implementing policy. 程序或准则手册：对政策的实施提供最好的和最有效的方法指导。 Regulations describe what must be done to support a policy. 规则描述对政策支持必须做的事项。

International research study 2010-2011国际研究2010-2011

1. Landscape analysis景观分析 • 1950’s -’60’s: national policy frameworks were favoured and debated; truly national library systems were established as part of independence settlements; 20世纪50年代 - 60年代：国家政策框架得到支持和讨论，建立了真正意义上的全国性的图书馆系统 • 1970’s/80’s: UNESCO began to promote fully integrated library and information systems; 20世纪70年代/80年代：联合国教科文组织开始推动全面集成的图书馆自动化信息系统; • 1990’s National Information Policies (NIPs), growing importance of Information for Development (I4D); 20世纪90年代：国家信息政策出台，发展信息的重要性日益增加

1. Landscape analysis景观分析 • 2000 – WSIS process, MDGs, ICT policies etc.; 2000年 - 信息社会世界峰会进程，千年发展目标，信息和通信技术政策等; • 2007 – a renewed interest in establishment of national library policies – recognition to the role that libraries can and do play in information society + their importance to ‘bridge the digital divide’. 2007年 – 国家图书馆政策中重新重视的主题：认识图书馆在信息社会中的角色及其在“弥合数字鸿沟”中所起的重要作用。

2. Case Studies - i) Finland 案例研究 - i）芬兰 • Ministry of Education: Library Strategy 2010: Policy for Access to knowledge and culture 教育部：2010年图书馆战略：获取知识文化政策 • Ministry of Education: Finnish Public Library Policy 2015: national areas of focus 教育部：2015年芬兰公共图书馆政策：国家重点领域 Objective: “to ensure access to knowledge and cultural sources in a networking information, civil and learning society” 目标: 在网络信息的社会环境下，确保民众对知识和文化资源的获取。

Case study (ii) Namibia 案例研究 - ii）纳米比亚 • 1997: Ministry of Education publication of Information for Self-reliance and development: a policy framework for libraries and allied information agencies in Namibia 1997年: 教育部颁发 “自主和发展信息: 纳米比亚图书馆和相关信息机构政策框架” • 2004/2005: A number of national development reports 2004/2005: 许多国家发展报告 • The Namibian Libraries & Archives Service (NLAS) commissioned a strategic assessment and economic analysis of the library & information sector 纳米比亚图书馆和档案服务中心受委托对图书馆和信息行业进行了战略评估和经济分析 • 2011: Revised fully integrated policy 2011: 修订的综合政策

Additional interesting developments 其它国家的发展 • Colombia National Network of Public Libraries: Introduction to the Law of Public Libraries – defines technical, financial and institutional instruments as well as the planning and coordination necessary to implement. Colombia has very modern and innovative approaches to public libraries and is now developing a public library policy, which may also include standards. • 哥伦比亚全国公共图书馆网络：公共图书馆法 – 介绍所需的技术、筹资和机构手段以及必要的规划和协调方法。哥伦比亚公共图书馆有非常现代和创新的方法。目前正在发展一种包括标准的公共图书馆政策。

All documents available from所有文献可从下面网址获取：http://www.nida-net.org/en/activities/national-policy/

Process towards development of library policy图书馆政策的发展过程 Context: library policies cannot be drawn up in isolation: - sector assessment & financial analysis are vital; - library policies should embrace or work alongside development planning and ICT, other sector policies; Require wide stakeholder involvement from the outset. 背景：不能孤立地发展图书馆政策： - 行业评估及财务分析是非常重要的; - 图书馆政策应遵循国家发展规划并与信息通信技术和其他行业政策协调发展; 从一开始就需要利益相关者的广泛参与。

Sector assessment 行业评估 The demand for information & knowledge in the national strategic context • Constitution • Development Plans • Strategic plans from all related ministries (e.g. Education, Culture, Health, Agriculture) Specific issues e.g. Rural-Urban information divide, Distance Education etc.. Existing Legislation 在国家战略环境下对信息与知识的需求 • 宪法 • 发展计划 • 所有相关政府部门(如教育、文化、卫生、农业)的战略计划特殊问题：例如城乡信息鸿沟、远程教育等。现行法例

Economic analysis 经济分析 Evaluation of past performance: budget appropriation sector priorities & expenditure by economic function Financing (funding) scenarios to be considered 对过去表现的评价：预算拨款按经济功能划分的部门优先事项和支出需考虑的融资（资金）方案

Economic analysis 经济分析 Options of library service to be considered Recommended way forward, including: economic justification for implementing financing and expenditure proposals cost benefit analysis of library services, with economic and social benefits to the economy 可考虑的图书馆服务推荐的发展方向，包括：执行筹资和支出建议的经济理由图书馆服务的成本效益、经济效益和社会效益的分析

Development of draft policy 发展政策草案

Developing or using a model framework 发展或使用一个模型框架 1 Introduction 引言 2 Key Library Strategic Elements 图书馆战略要素 3 Infrastructure 基础设施 4 Services 服务 5 Advocacy 宣传 6 Performance Measurement & Impact Assessment 绩效测量与影响评价 7 Action Plan 行动计划 Completed using the information gathered in the sector assessment & the economic analysis 使用在行业评估和经济分析阶段收集到的信息来完成

Conclusions 结论 • library polices are one part of a much larger mosaic of development planning and other national policies e.g. education, culture, ICT, health, agriculture; • 图书馆政策是国家发展规划和其他政策的一部分，例如：教育、文化、卫生、农业、信息通信技术; • library policies arise out of political, economic and social needs and context of a country – they reflect a country’s library priorities in meeting development goals; • 图书馆政策产生于国家政治、经济和社会的需求 -反映了图书馆在实现国家发展目标的优先次序。 • library legislation authorizes the existence and responsibilities of a country’s libraries through its policy; • 图书馆立法认可和授权图书馆在一个国家的存在和责任;

Conclusions 结论 • national library policies once approved by the government provide a framework for the delivery of library services; • 一旦获得政府批准，国家图书馆政策提供图书馆服务框架； • the existence of a body within government facilitates a truly national library policy; • 政府相关机构的设置有利于推动真正意义上的国家图书馆政策; • national library strategies give libraries credibility & political visibility; • 国家图书馆战略提升图书馆的信誉和政治能见度; • Context specific: individual countries require individual approaches. • 特定环境：个别国家要求特别的做法。

Thank you … 谢谢… questions or comments welcome… 欢迎大家提问题或意见! Carol Priestley Director, NIDA Oxford, UK Email: info@nida-net.org Website: www.nida-net.org

Fundamentals of Library Development: Library Policy 图书馆发展基础 : 图书馆政策 Carol Priestley