医学微生物学 Medical Microbiology

1. 医学微生物学Medical Microbiology Huan Wang(王 欢） Dept. of medical Microbiology Office: 704

3. Introduction Microorganisms(Microbes) Microbiology Medical Microbiology

4. What is Microorganisms • Microorganisms are creatures that are not directly visible to the unaided eye, with dramatical biologic diversity. • Viruses , bacteria and fungi are all in this category • All with the exception of plants and animals

5. Sort: • Prokaryote:bacteria • Eukaryote:fungus • non-living infectious agents:virus

6. Distribution of microorganisms • Air • Soil • Water • Animals • Human body

8. 100m 300m 1400m 2100m 3150m 4050m 6000m

9. Microorganisms and Human Beings • Beneficial activities: Most microbes are of benefit to human beings, some are necessary( nitrogen, carbon cycles, etc) • Harmful activities: A portion of microbes cause diseases and are poisonous to human, and these are really that concern us in the study of medical microbiology, etc.

11. Microbiology • Microbiology is the biology of microorganisms. It is a bioscience for the study of the evolution, Classification , morphology, physiology, genetics, ecology of microbes under certain definite conditions, The law of their life activities, and their interaction with human being, animals or plants as well as with natural environment.

12. The Importance of Microbiology • Environment • Medicine • Food • Industry • Biotechnology

13. History of Microbiology • Experience phase • Experimental phase • Modern phase

14. Experience phase

15. Experimental phase • Leeuwenhoek (The first person to accurately observe and describe microorganisms) • Jenner • Pasteur • Koch • lister

19. Louis Pasteur (1822 – 1895) Pasteur’s contributions: • Pasteur (1857) demonstrated that lactic acid fermentation is due to the activity of micro-organisms • Pasteur (1861) conflict over spontaneous generation – birth of microbiology as a science • Pasteur (1881) developed anthrax vaccine • Pasteurization

20. Pasteur’s swan neck flasks used in his experiments on the spontaneous generation of microorganisms

22. Conclusion: • Microorganisms are not spontaneously generated from inanimate matter, but are produced by other microorganisms

25. Robert Koch (1843 – 1910) The recognition of microbial role in disease Robert Koch in his laboratory

26. Koch’s postulates • The microorganisms must be present in every case of the disease but absent from healthy organisms. • The suspected microorganisms must be isolated and grown in a pure culture. • The disease must result when the isolated microorganisms is inoculated into a healthy host. • The same microorganisms must be isolated again from the diseased host

29. Sir Alexander Fleming discovered the antibiotic penicillin. He had the insight to recognize the significance of the inhibition of bacterial growth in the vicinity of a fungal contaminant.

30. Modern phase

32. Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease • AIDS • Tuberculosis • Hepatitis • Gastric ulcer • SRAS

33. Medical Microbiology • The medical microbiology is one of the essential basic sciences for medine. It is the study of Biological characteristics of microorganisms and their relationships with human hosts

34. Medical Microbiology • Medical Bacteriology • Medical Viriology • Medical Mycology