Unit 7—Chapters 12 – 13

1. Unit 7—Chapters 12 – 13 The Cold War CSS 11.8, 11.9, 11.11

2. Part One The Cold War in America 11.8.5, 11.9.3, 11.9.4 EQ 1: How did fear of domestic communism affect American society during the Cold War?

3. The Second Red Scare • House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), 1949 • feared foreign agents were working to subvert America • helped build career of Richard M. Nixon of CA • Alger Hiss (State Dept.) tried twice for espionage and imprisoned for perjury • claimed he was innocent until he died in 1996

4. The Second Red Scare • Truman created a Loyalty Review Board in 1947 • loyalty oath and background check on people in anti-democratic groups that advocated violence • communist groups and unions • 3 million employees investigated—3,000 resigned/fired • in 1950, Congress gave Truman the authority to detain “suspicious people” • Truman vetoed it • McCarran Internal Security Act, 1950 • Smith Act, 1940 • illegal to advocate, teach, or support violence in overthrowing the government • this meant communism and the Supreme Court back it up

5. The Second Red Scare • Charlie Chaplin Harry Belafonte • Lloyd Bridges Arthur Miller • Zero Mostel Orson Welles • Blacklisting • HUAC investigated communism in Hollywood unions • “Hollywood Ten” refused to testify and were banned from working • over 300 directors/actors denied employment • some turned in names of potential communists • Ronald Reagan, Walt Disney, Elia Kazan (1999)

6. Hollywood Ten • Alvah Bessie • Herbert J. Biberman • Lester Cole • Edward Dmytryk • Ring Lardner, Jr. • John Howard Lawson • Albert Maltz • Samuel Ornitz • Adrian Scott • Dalton Trumbo

7. Big Brother is watching

8. The Second Red Scare • Joseph McCarthy • Wisconsin senator held up a “list” of 250 employees of State Dept. who were communists • it was a blank piece of paper • claimed that Truman was doing little or nothing to stop it • became one of the most powerful men in Washington • set off 2nd red scare, until 1954 when McCarthy became unpopular

9. The Second Red Scare • Ethel and Julius Rosenberg • Americans feared espionage led to rapid Soviet development of A-Bomb • US developed A-Bomb in 1945 • Soviets get A-Bomb in 1949 • US developed H-Bomb in 1952 • Soviets get H-Bomb in 1953 • executed Rosenbergs for espionage/treason

10. The Second Red Scare • Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 1947 • conducts secret operations outside the US • assassination attempts • intelligence gathering (espionage)

11. Dot Game

12. The Arms Race • H-Bomb, 1952 • the hydrogen bomb was the first thermonuclear explosion • took place in the Marshall Islands • 450 times Nagasaki • vaporized an entire island, leaving behind a crater more than a mile wide

13. The Arms Race • Mutual Assured Destruction (M.A.D.) • deterrence was knowing that if we tried to kill them we would also die • “First strike capability” meant the ability to destroy the enemy before they could strike back • “Second strike capability” meant the ability to strike back before being destroyed “The Peacekeeper”

14. Nuke Websites

15. The Arms Race • Sputnik, 1957 • first man-made satellite • circled the globe every 96 minutes for 92 days • created “missile gap” because Soviets were ahead in arms race and space race

16. The Arms Race • National Defense Education Act • US emphasizes math and science to close the “space gap” • October Sky

17. The Arms Race • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 1958 • the arms race became the space race • initial American failures made Americans fear we were falling behind the USSR • JFK promised in 1961 to land a man on the moon by the end of the 1960s

18. Turtle Video

19. EQ 1: • How did fear of domestic communism affect American society during the Cold War?