Executing Agency : U.N. Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Consortium & Counterparts

1. Supporting green industrial development in Ghana:Biogas technology and business for sustainable growth Professor SEOKHWAN HWANG School of Environmental Science and Engineering POSTECH Executing Agency:U.N. Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Consortium & Counterparts - KOREA: MOTIE, POSTECH, DAEWOO construction Co., KEC Systems - GHANA: Ministry of Trade & Industry, Kwame Nkrumah Univ. of Sci. & Tech. (KNUST) – The Energy Center (TEC) Project Duration: 2012.12 ~ 2015.11

2. Table of Contents I Current Research Overview II Feasibility Study III POSTECH IV Research Group (B.E.S.T) V Evaluation Guideline (KETEP)

3. 1. Current Research Overview • Scale-up of Biogas (BG) Process Performance evalution Economic (cost-benefit) analysis [Lab (Batch)] Stable performance! [Lab (Continuous)] [Pilot, 13~200 m3] Treatability study Optimization study Bio-kinetic study Optimization study Bio-kinetic study Factor analysis [Pilot, 30 ton/d] [Full, 7,000 m3]

4. 1. Current Research Overview • Schematic Diagram of Research • Microbial Analysis • Multivariate Statistical Analysis • Bio-kinetic study Slaughterhouse sample Reactor Operation Data analysis • Start-up • Seeding: 1% gvs/gvs (F/M ratio: 100) • Operating conditions • - Reactor: Batch, 6L working volume • - Number of reactor: 4 trials • - Mixing : Complete Mixing with RT6, RPM = 120 • - Temperature: 35℃ • - pH: 7.0 • Physicochemical components • - pH , ALK, (S)COD , Solids • - TC, (S)TKN, Ammonia , Lipid, VFAs, Ions • - Biogas production & Quality (G.C) • Biological components • - DGGE (qualitative analysis) • - QPCR (quantitative analysis)

5. 1. Current Research Overview • <Table 1> Energy from biogas Potential of slaughter waste digestion • at the Kumasi Abattoir (Aklaku, 2011)) • Sampling (Slaughterhouse) • Pretreatment and Reactor operation

6. 2. Feasibility Study Manual for the Preparation of Industrial Feasibility Studies (UNIDO, 1995) Ch.2. Summary of the project background and history - Name and address of project promoter, project background - Project objective and outline of the proposed basic project strategy, including geographical area and market share (domestic, export), cost leadership, differentiation, market niche - Economic and industrial policies supporting the project Ch.3. Summary of market analysis and marketing concept - Summarize results of marketing research: business environment, target market and market segmentation (consumer and product groups), channels of distribution, competition, life cycles (sector, product) - List annual data on demand (quantities, prices) and supplies (past, current and future demand and supplies) - Explain and justify the marketing strategies for achieving the project objectives and outline the marketing concept - Indicate projected marketing costs, elements of the projected sales programme and revenues (quantities, prices, market share etc.) - Describe impacts on: raw materials and supplies, location, the environment, the production programme, plant capacity and technology etc. • Ch.4. Raw materials and supplies • Describe general availability of: Raw materials, Processed industrial materials and components, • Factory supplies, Spare parts, Supplies for social and external needs

7. 2. Feasibility Study Ch.5. Location, site and environment - Identify and describe location and plant site selected, including: Ecological and environmental impact, Socio-economic policies, incentives and constraints, Infrastructural conditions and environment Ch.6. Engineering and technology - Outline of production programme and plant capacity - Describe and justify the technology selected, reviewing its availability and possible significant advantages or disadvantages, as well as the life cycle, transfer (absorption) of technology, training, risk control, costs, legal aspects etc. - Describe the layout and scope of the project - Summarize main plant items (equipment etc.), their availability and costs - Describe required major civil engineering works Ch.7. Organization and overhead costs - Describe basic organizational design and management and measures required • Ch.8. Human resources • Describe the socio-economic and cultural environment as related to significant project requirements, as well as • human resources availability, recruitment and training needs, and the reasons for the employment of foreign • experts, to the extent required for the project

8. 2. Feasibility Study Ch.9. Project implementation schedule - Indicate duration of plant erection and installation - Indicate duration of production start-up and running-in period Ch.10. Financial analysis and investment appraisal - Summary of criteria governing investment appraisal - Total investment costs: Land and site preparation, Structures and civil engineering works, Plant machinery and equipment, Auxiliary and service plant equipment, Incorporated fixed assets, Pre-production expenditures and capital costs, Net working capital requirements - Total costs of products sold: Operating costs, Depreciation charges, Marketing costs - Project financing: Source of finance, Impact of cost of financing and dept service on project proposal Public policy on financing - Investment appraisal (key data): Discounted cash flow (internal rate of return, net present value) Pay-off period, Yield generated on total capital invested and on equity capital, Yield for parties involved, as in joint venture projects Significant financial and economic impact on the national economy and environmental implications - Aspects of uncertainty, including critical variables, risks and possible strategies and means of risk management, probable future scenarios and possible impact on the financial feasibility of the investment project

9. 2. Feasibility Study (Ghana BG Project) Done Ongoing • - Ch.2. Summary of the project background and history • Ch.7. Organization and overhead costs • Ch.9. Project implementation schedule • Ch.3. Summary of market analysis and marketing concept (Done?) • - Ch.4. Raw materials and supplies (Ghana, Korea) • - Ch.5. Location, site and environment(Ghana, Korea) • - Ch.6. Engineering and technology(Ghana, Korea) • Ch.8. Human resources (UNIDO, Ghana, Korea) • Ch.10. Financial analysis and investment appraisal (UNIDO, Ghana, Korea)

10. 3. POSTECH (Pohang Univ. of Sci. & Technol.) • Leading Research Oriented University • Research Performance • Rankings (The Times) (as of Apr. 2012) * SCI papers per professor: Professors only in the field of science and technology.(Humanities and social science faculties excluded)

11. 4. B.E.S.T. Laboratory (Bioengineers for Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory) • Paper & Project achievements in the last 5 years • Research facilities K. Cho, J. Lee, W. Kim, S. Hwang*, “Behavior of methanogens during start-up of farm-scale anaerobic digester treating swine wastewater”, Process Biochemistry, 2013, In revision (IF=2.627) W. Kim, K. Cho, S. Lee, S. Hwang*, “Comparison of methanogenic community structure and anaerobic process performance treating swine wastewater between pilot and optimized lab scale”, Bioresource Technology, 2013, Accepted (IF=4.980) W. Kim, S. Shin, J. Lim, S. Hwang*, “Effect of temperature and hydraulic retention time on volatile fatty acid production based on bacterial community structure in anaerobic acidogenesis using swine wastewater”, Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 2013, Accepted (IF=1.809) J. Kim, K. Cho, G. Han, C. Lee*, and S. Hwang*, “Effects of temperature and pH on the biokinetic properties of thiocyanate biodegradation under autotrophic conditions”, Water Research, 2013, Vol 47(1). 251-258 (IF=4.865) W. Kim, S. Shin, K. Cho, C. Lee, and S. Hwang*, “Performance of methanogenic reactors in temperature phased two-stage anaerobic digestion of swine wastewater”, Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2012, Vol 114(6). 635-639 (IF=1.793) S. Shin, S. Yoo, K. Hwang, M. Song, W. Kim, G. Han, and S. Hwang*, “Dynamics of transitional acidogenic community with a methanogenic population during anaerobic digestion of swine wastewater”, Process Biochemistry, 2011, Vol 46(8): 1607-1613 (IF=2.627) J. Kim, S. Shin, G. Han, V. O’Flaherty, C. Lee, and S. Hwang*, “Common key acidogen populations in anaerobic reactors treating different wastewaters: Molecular identification and quantitative monitoring”, Water Research, 2011, Vol. 45(8): 2539-2549 (IF=4.865) S. Shin, Z. B. W., S. Lee, W. Kim, and S. Hwang*, “Variations in methanogenic population structure under overloading of pre-acidified high-strength organic wastewaters”, Process Biochemistry, 2011, Vol. 46(4):1035-1038 (IF=2.627) S. Lee, K. Cho, J. Lim, W. Kim, S. Hwang*, “Acclimation and activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria with respect to variations in zinc concentration, temperature, and microbial population”, Bioresource Technology, 2011, Vol. 102(5):4196-4203 (IF=4.980) W. Kim, S. Lee, S. Shin, C. Lee, K. Hwang and S. Hwang*, " Methanogenic community shift in anaerobic batch digesters treating swine wastewater " Water Research, 2010, Vol. 44(17):4900-4907 (IF=4.865) Process Laboratory Microbial Laboratory (10 out of 24) Identification and recombination of methanogenic genes for next-generation biogas production technology 2010.06~2013.05 BK 2nd generation business 2006.3-2013.2 Food wastewater treatment process integration monitoring and stabilization technology development using molecular biology microorganism quantification 2008.2~2012.5 HADS PLANT operation stabilization by identifying microorganism 2011.1~2012.2 Specificgraduate school of waste to energy 2009.03~2012.02 Technology development of organic waste for biogas(POSCO) 2011.01~2011.12 Anaerobic process stabilization and control applying molecular biology probe technology 2009.12~2011.11 Next generation biogas production technology development using organic waste2008.08~2011.07 Ocean bio energy production technology research using ocean resource in Gyeongbuk province East Sea2009.7~2010.10 Microorganism quantification probe and spiral bio reactor development for disposing of concentrated nitrogen industrial wastewater 2007.4-2010.9 Environmental analysis center Research Office (10 out of 14)

12. 5. Evaluation Guideline (KETEP) Progressive evaluation (1st and 2nd year) Final evaluation (3rd year) After • Tasks • - Presentation with Documents • - Experiment progress • - Publications & patents • - Budget execution review • - Documents (e.g. Reports) • - English & Korean versions • - Evaluation committee (~10 experts) • Financial audit • - CPA • Tasks • - Presentation with Documents • - Technical excellence (Final) • - Publications & patents • - Budget execution review • - Documents (e.g. Reports) • - English & Korean versions • - Evaluation committee (~10 experts) • - Self assessment statement • - Product management status • - Industrialization strategy and plan • Financial audit • - CPA • Tasks • For 5 years tracking • Commercialization • Publications • Patents * All documents preparation (e.g. annual reports) must follow the guidelines by KETEP.

13. Supplements

14. 1. Research overview • Research area Bioenergy Anaerobic Digestion of organic waste BNR (Biological Nitrogen Removal) Advanced biological wastewater treatment Bioconversion Organic waste to mushroom mycelia

15. 1. Research overview • Research area Molecular Biotechnology Scale-up Process Process Control Real-time QPCR Bio-kinetics Lab-scale RSA Small pilot DGGE Clone library Optimization Large pilot Full-scale T-RFLP Process analysis