Chapter 5 Ancient Greece “Man is the measure of all things” -Protagoras

1. Chapter 5 Ancient Greece “Man is the measure of all things” -Protagoras

5. Geometric (c. 800-700 BCE) Pottery ornamented with geometric decoration. People and animals are simplified. Orientalizing (c. 725-650 BCE) Near Eastern influences on Greek pottery includes curvilinear decoration and greater emphasis on narrative. Archaic (c. 650-480 BCE) Sculptures include kouros and kore figures. Pottery includes black and red-figured vase painting. GREEK ART PERIODS

6. Early Classical/Severe (c. 480-450 BCE) Large, freestanding sculptures with figures shown in movement. Contrapposto (weight shift) shown for first time. Classical (c. 450-404 BCE) “High Point” of Greek art and architecture. Figures are idealized with expressionless faces. Proportion and symmetry are emphasized. Late Classical/Pre-Hellenistic (c. 404-323 BCE) Sculptors attempt more difficult, unique poses for their figures.

7. Hellenistic (c. 323-146 BCE) Period initiated by the conquests of Alexander the Great. Art of this period encompasses extremes, from works that are naturalistic, to other pieces that are overly idealized with an emphasis on drama, violence and emotionalism.

11. Greek sanctuaries differ from temples of the Egyptians : Egyptians dramatized the power of gods or god rulers by organizing temples into straight, processional ways Greeks instead treated each building and monument as an independent element to be integrated with natural features of the site

20. Understand the diverse cultural influences on Greek artistic development Discuss the representation of the human form through different periods of Greek art. Geometric & Orientalizing Periods

21. Describe the representation of the human form in early Greek art. Examine Greek religion, mythology, and philosophy and their expression in art. The Human Figure in Early Greek Art

22. Geometric (c. 800-700 BCE) Pottery ornamented with geometric decoration. People and animals are simplified. Artists worked in wood, ivory, clay, and cast bronze GEOMETRIC PERIOD

23. Hero and centaur (Herakles and Nessos?), from Olympia,Greece, ca. 750–730 BCE. Bronze, 4 1/2” high. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (gift of J. Pierpont).Humans battling centaurs are a common theme in Greek artHerakles=Hercules in Roman mythology

25. Orientalizing (c. 725-650 BCE) Near Eastern & Egyptian influences on Greek pottery includes curvilinear decoration and greater emphasis on narrative. • The pace and scope of Greek trade and colonization increased in the near East and Egypt during this period. • What Egyptian and/or near Eastern qualities can be observed in the works of Greek art during this period? Orientalizing Period (7th century BCE)

26. Mantiklos Apollo, statuette of a youth dedicated by Mantiklos to Apollo, from Thebes, Greece, ca. 700–680 BCE. Bronze, 8” high. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.Mantiklos=the donorEye sockets were once inlaid

27. Lady of Auxerre, ca. 650–625 BCE. Limestone, 2’ 1 1/2” high. Louvre, Paris.Kore=a maiden or goddessKorai=plural formnamed after the town of her oldest recorded locationmore naturalistic than geometric p.not wearing headdress-maiden?Right hand indicates prayereyes, lips, hair, drapery painting in encaustic (pigment with wax)

28. Notice how representation of the human figure changes • Recognize the emergence of the Doric and Ionic orders of architecture • Realize the refinement of Greek vase painting and differentiate between black-figure and red-figure vases Archaic Period (6th century BCE)

35. Compare Doric and Ionic Orders

37. Understand the development and influences relating to the early Greek kouros (male youth)/kouroi (pl.) Understand the development and influences relating to the kore (maiden)/korai (pl.). What culture(s) had a significant influence on the New York kouros? How is it uniquely Greek? What was/were the purpose(s) of such statues? How is the Kroisos figure different from the other kouroi? The Human Figure in Archaic Art

38. Calf Bearer, dedicated by Rhonbos on the Acropolis, Athens, Greece, ca. 560 BCE. Marble, restored height 5’ 5”; fragment 3’ 11 1/2” high. Acropolis Museum, Athens.

39. Why did Greek artists render the male form in the nude? Kroisos, from Anavysos, Greece, ca. 530 BCE. Marble, 6’ 4” high. National Archaeological Museum, Athens.

41. Notice traces of encaustic paint on the Peplos Kore. Most Greek stone statues were painted. Notice also that the Peplos Kore is clothed. Peplos Kore, from the Acropolis, Athens, Greece, ca. 530 BCE. Marble, 4’ high. Acropolis Museum, Athens.

42. Kore, from the Acropolis, Athens, Greece, ca. 520–510 BCE. Marble, 1’ 9” high. Acropolis Museum, Athens.