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Hypnotherapy

Hypnotherapy. Dr Mark Feldman. What Is Hypnosis ?. Altered state – not sleep Highway hypnosis Books and TV Exercise Day dreaming Hynpnogogic and hypnopompic state. The Trance State. Light hypnosis – 90%+ Eye closure Fluttering lids Stillness Breathing slows – diaphragmatic

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Hypnotherapy

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  1. Hypnotherapy Dr Mark Feldman

  2. What Is Hypnosis ? • Altered state – not sleep • Highway hypnosis • Books and TV • Exercise • Day dreaming • Hynpnogogic and hypnopompic state

  3. The Trance State • Light hypnosis – 90%+ • Eye closure • Fluttering lids • Stillness • Breathing slows – diaphragmatic • Features flatten • Swallowing • Smiling • Bradycardia

  4. The Trance State • Medium hypnosis – 70%+ • Head drops • Eyelid catalepsy • Flushing or pallor • Responds to suggestions • Feeling of lethargy, heaviness • Some analgesia – dentistry , dressings • IMR • May feel as though in trance

  5. The Trance State • Deep hypnosis 20% – somnambulism 5% • Amnesia • Anaesthesia • Direct logic ‘ can you tell me your name’ • Out of body dissociation • +ve /-ve hallucinations • Trance with eyes open

  6. Hypnotic Phenomenon • Motor • IMR • Catalepsy • Automatic writing • Swallowing • REM

  7. Hypnotic Phenomenon • Sensory • Analgesia • Anaesthesia • Positive and negative hallucination • Memory • Amnesia • Hypermnesia

  8. Hypnotic Phenomenon • Time • Distortion – compress – elongate • Regress • Revivify • Age progression • Post hypnotic suggestion • Eliminate • Install • Ego Strengthening

  9. Hypnotic Phenomenon • Miscellaneous • Autonomic control • Blood, sweat, tears • Dissociation

  10. Uses of Hypnotherapy • Behavioural problems • Smoking • Weight loss • Eating disorders – bulimia, anorexia • Enuresis

  11. Uses of Hypnotherapy • Psychological problems • Anxiety • Panic • Phobias • Insomnia • Premature ejaculation • Vaginismus

  12. Uses of Hypnotherapy • Psychosomatic disorders • Migraine • Hyperventilation • Stammering • Irritable bowel/bladder • Eczema

  13. Uses of Hypnotherapy • Pain control • Chronic • Acute • Terminal care • Obstetric • Dental

  14. Uses of Hypnotherapy • Other • Sports – motivational • Criminal investigation • Recovery of lost objects - memories

  15. History of Hypnotherapy • 3000BC – ancient Egyptians • Ancient Greeks Indian Sanskrits • Hindu fakirs Celtic druids • African witch doctors • Jesus’s miracles?

  16. History of Hypnotherapy • 1500 Paracelsus • Swiss doctor discovered mercury as cure for syphilis • Passed magnets over patient to effect cure • 1600 Valentine Greatrakes • The ‘ great Irish Stroker’ – again stroked magnets to cure

  17. History of Hypnotherapy • 1725 Maximilian Hehl • Jesuit priest – using magnets to heal • Mesmer was his student

  18. (1734-1815 )Franz Anton Mesmer Father of hypnosis Found could stop bleeding with a stick and therefore postulated ‘ animal magnetism’ History of Hypnotherapy

  19. History of Hypnotherapy • Franz Anton Mesmer(contd) • ‘De Planatorium influxu’ – magnetic fields pervade nature • Cured patient of paralysis and temporary blindness • Cured Maria Theresa Paradies – protégé of empress of blindness. Angering parents • Moved from Vienna to Paris • Mozart was a fan

  20. Franz Anton Mesmer(cont) Developed the ‘baquet’ Asked Louis XVI for a board of enquiry in 1784 Benjamin Franklin, Guillotine, Lavoisier Found all due to the imagination ! History of Hypnotherapy

  21. 1727-1779 Father Gassner Contempory of Mesmer Suggestion as faith healing 1787 Marquis de Puysegur Student of Mesmer Magnetised elm trees Somnambulism History of Hypnotherapy

  22. History of Hypnotherapy • 1815 Abbe Jose Castodi de Faria • Fixed gaze method first to coin word ‘sleep’

  23. 1791 John Elliotson Professor at University London Became interested via a student of Faria 1837 Surgery under hypnosis – angered other doctors as pain ‘ needed for healing’ Expelled from university hospital History of Hypnotherapy

  24. 1795 – 1860 James Braid Scottish surgeon coined term ‘ hypnosis’ Developed suggestions method Saw Mesmer and was eventually convinced Changed term to ‘ monoidiesm’ ‘Nervous sleep’ acting on subject whose suggestibility is increased’ History of Hypnotherapy

  25. 1808-1859 James Esdaile Scottish doctor Reports in 1846 300 major operations Reduced post op mortality from 505% History of Hypnotherapy

  26. History of Hypnotherapy • 1864 Nancy school of Hypnosis • Liebeault – ‘ de la suggestion’ • Bernheim • Freud studied here • Initially enthusiastic – eventually discounted hypnosis

  27. 1878 Charcot – school of Saltpierre Pathological theory Stages of hypnosis Lethargy Catalepsy Somnambulism History of Hypnotherapy

  28. Dave Elman 1950’s Stage Hypnotist Studied Hypnosis for years Taught doctors exclusively Quick inductions Deepening techniques History of Hypnotherapy

  29. History of Hypnotherapy • 1929-1980 Milton Erickson • Indirect approach • Metaphor • Utilization

  30. Theories of Trance • Suggestion Theory • Bernheim 1886 – suggestions bypass concious mind • Modified Sleep • Abbe Faria – a type of sleep BUT thought would always  amnesia • Pathological Theory • Charcot – BUT 90% hypnotisable NOT equivalent to hysteria

  31. Theories of Trance • Dissociation • Janet ‘ splitting of consciousness into two’ BUT not always amnesia – can remove amnesia by suggestion • Neo Dissociation • Some cognition continuous throughout • Psychoanlanalytic • Freud – libidinal gratification • Ferenczi – parent/child BUT mirrors metronomes may hypnotise

  32. Theories of Trance • Conditioned response • Pavlov to word ‘ sleep’ BUT not sleep, metronomes, quick awakening • Role Playing • R White – goal directed striving • Atavistic Regression • Ainslie Meares to a primitive level – primitive man accepted ideas by suggestion

  33. Theories of Trance • Neurophysiological • Barry Wyke – voice blocks other sensory input [like gate theory] • Hemispheric Specificity • L verbal/voluntary/language speech • R nonverbal/emotional/submissive/art music/imagination • Meszaros – induction L brain  R brain

  34. Suggestibility Tests • Magnetic fingers • Handclasp • Heavy and light hands • Postural sway • Chevreul’s pendulum

  35. The Hypnotic Session • Introduction • Induction • Deepening • Posthypnotic suggestion • Awakening

  36. The Hypnotic Session • Introduction • Explanation of hypnosis • Remove fears • Control issues • Amnesia • Reassurance • Not trying

  37. The Hypnotic Session • Induction • Permissive • Progressive relaxation • Hand fixation • Eye closure • Candle flame • Thumbnail

  38. The Hypnotic Session • Induction • Intermediate • Vogts fractionation • Hand levitation • Authoritative • Eye to eye • Mind body dissociation

  39. The Hypnotic Session • Induction • Other • Tactile • Rhythmic eye movement • Hand rotation • Post hypnotic

  40. The Hypnotic Session • Deepening • Balcony • Early learning set • ‘Now’ • Countdown • Limb catalepsy • Hand levitation • Minds eye • Hand rotation

  41. The Hypnotic Session • Suggestions • Establish rapport • Create expectancy • Will – not maybe never ‘try’ • Law of concentrated attention • Repetition of something result • Law of reversed effect • Try and bend your arm • Law of dominant effect • Strong emotions replace weaker

  42. The Hypnotic Session • Suggestions • Positive – unconscious ignores negatives • Positive reinforcement • Yes set • Specific • Multiple senses • Implied – less directive • Unambiguous

  43. The Hypnotic Session • Suggestions • Utilization • Of patients world – interests , preferences, preferred modality – visual,kinaesthetic • Current experience – ‘ feel the chair’

  44. The Hypnotic Session • Types of suggestion • Implication • When your hand begins to lift – NOT if • Trance now or later • Truism • Everybody knows how to… • Not knowing and not doing • You don’t have to try to hard

  45. The Hypnotic Session • Types of suggestion • Covering all response – failsafes • Your hand will be lighter or heavier • Questions • Can you, do you, does, will it • See , sense, feel • Contingent suggestions • As your hand lowers so you find yourself back in time

  46. The Hypnotic Session • Types of suggestion • Implied directive • Time binding introduction • Implied suggestion for internal response • Behavioural response showing completed • As soon as your mind has identified when the problem developed your hand will float up

  47. The Hypnotic Session • Types of suggestion • Apposition of opposites • As your arm becomes more rigid your body becomes more relaxed • Wet/dry tense/heavy difficult/easy • Interspersal of metaphors • Own experience • Truisms • Tailored

  48. The Hypnotic Session • Types of suggestion • Symbolism and imagery • Imagine what the pain looks like • Negatives - to discharge resistance • You can - can you not • You will - will you not • Double bind • If you are ready to go into trance your R hand will lift otherwise your L hand will lift

  49. The Hypnotic Session • Techniques to facilitate trance • Focus attention • Enhance awareness of immediate experience • Note and accept new aspects of the experience • Introducing immediate goal • Repetition – reinforcing partial response • Encourage dissociations and involuntary response • Build anticipation expectation

  50. The Hypnotic Session • Belief +Imagination + Conviction + Expectation • = Hypnosis [ Hunter] • Critical faculty is bypassed and selective thinking established[Elman]

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