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Nihonga and Yôga Trends Early Meiji 1870s--yôga favored for its superior technique, approach to reality Kawakami Tôgai, Koyama Shôtarô Middle Meiji 1880s--emergence of self-conscious Japanese painting Okakura Tenshin, Yokoyama Taikan Late Meiji 1896ff--dual acceptance and promotion
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Trends • Early Meiji 1870s--yôga favored for its superior technique, approach to reality • Kawakami Tôgai, Koyama Shôtarô • Middle Meiji 1880s--emergence of self-conscious Japanese painting • Okakura Tenshin, Yokoyama Taikan • Late Meiji 1896ff--dual acceptance and promotion
European painting (as perceived in Japan) • Vanishing point perspective • Depiction of light sources in picture • Mastery of anatomical/botanical structures • Careful illusionist drawing • This much known in Tokugawa era--e.g. Maruyama Okyo…
Kawakami Tôgai • 1827 born to wealthy farming family • Adopted by Kawakami samurai family on move to Edo • Trained in western art, believer in rationality, practicality, scientific skills
Kawakami • 1857 joins Tokugawa bakufu institute for study of the barbarians • 1869 Kawakami founds private art school for Western art • State patronage: • 1872-1885 Kawakami primer in pencil drawing part of elementary school curriculum • Early 1870s Kawakami instructor in military academies • 1876-1882 Technological Art School founded--Antonio Fontanesi
Rokumeikan era[following page image from National Diet Library]
1888-96 Gov’t Art School reopened, under Okakura • Okakura Tenshin Yokoyama Taikan
Kutsugen, Taikan 1898 • Chinese poet Ch’u Yuan, 4th c. B.C. known for “Li Sao,” a story of personal travails
Whose orient? • Pierre Loti • “Madamme Chrysanthemum”
Yokoyama Taikan, Ryuuto 1909 Close-up Link to Tenshin Memorial Museum of Art
Manga from Meiji • Source: Both images taken from Peter Duus, “Presidential Address: Weapons of the Weak, Weapons of the Strong--the Development of the Japanese Political Cartoon.” Journal of Asian Studies 60.4 (November 2001). Japan outpacing China in Civilization Race, from Marumaru Chinbun, early Meiji.