MODULE 2 Two-Dimensional (2D) Instructional Media

1. By: Charmein Jakosalem MODULE 2Two-Dimensional (2D) Instructional Media

2. What is it AbouT? The most widely used instructional media that teachers use. The range of this media covers pre-school education to college education. The following slides shows the materials being used in this media:

3. B O A R D S

4. Chalkboards From the name itself chalk+board. A chalk is used to write on the surface of the board. • It is not only used for writing, but also as posting surface for pictures, posters & etc for supplement instructions. • Yes it is one of the oldest tool for teaching but yet, still effective.

5. Whiteboards & Magnetic Boards • Also called as multipurpose board for its numerous functions as a board. • Its uses are the same with the usual Chalkboard but w/o the asthma because of the dusts from chalks. • Non- permanent markers are used to write on this board. • A whiteboard can be a magnetic board when it is made with metal base. • The result, instead of using pins of masking tapes, items can be posted by the use of magnets. • It’s clean surface is presentable and adds clarity to the presentation.

6. Cloth Boards • This board is made up of plywood or heavy cardboard with either felt ,flannel or carpet. • Unlike the chalkboards and white boards, the surface of this board is fuzzy for its purpose, to adhere or stick materials for viewing. • These boards are portable, simple to use, durable, colorful as well as attractive. • best use for drills, positioning or describing flow patterns, short term display & etc.

7. Hook & Loop Boards • A plywood and cardboard is covered with a nylon loop material and the nylon hooks are adhered on the back of the instructional materials to be displayed on the board. • Used in the similar fashion with cloth boards.

8. Pegboards • Usually made from tempered masonite, pegboards are used to display real objects or tools with the use of hooks inserted to the board. • If organization is needed, this board really comes in handy.

9. Bulletin Board • Unlike the previous boards listed above, the bulletin board is designed as an instructional device that can carry messages without the presence of the teacher. • Announcements and other vital information are the usual display of this board.

10. GRAPHIC MATERIALS

11. Drawings & Sketches • Drawings are very important in the field of teaching. It can illustrate things so that hard ideas can be easily understand. • Drawings are also finished representations than sketches. • Either of the two is very effective, that’s why teachers needs to have this skills during lectures

12. Cartoons attracts most of the audience. It often times shows bold exaggeration to present messages or points through symbols or drawings. If using this as a teaching tool, age or maturity of the audience must be considered.

13. Strip Drawings it is a cartoon with story, which characters enacts stories in a sequence of related drawings. Students do not only find this an entertaining way but also educational.

14. Posters • A combination of lines, images, colors and words. • This media is designed to catch the attention and communicate messages quickly. • Just like cartoons, it is vital to consider the audiences age, grade level and its purpose. • It must be simple yet attractive to the eyes.

15. Charts These are graphic representations of chronologies, quantities, and hierarchies. It also adds up for better understanding for the audience since all are arrange one after another in orderly form.

16. The following are one of the most used charts: • Organization charts • Classification Charts • Time lines • Tabular Charts or Tables • Flowcharts or Process Charts • Tree or Stream Charts • Gantt Charts

17. Organization Charts • A graph with organized structure to show interrelationships between different part of organization. BACK

18. Classification Charts This kind of chart specifies the material’s classification, whether it is person or an object, or a plant from an animal. BACK

19. Time Lines This graph shows sequence of different events. This graph is very useful in summarizing events and to show the important concepts through the use of pictures and drawings. BACK

20. Tabular Charts or Tables From the name itself “tabular”, this graph shows numerical data in columns or tables. BACK

21. Flow Charts • These kind of charts show a process, sequence, or procedure. BACK

22. Tree of Stream Charts • These kind of charts show change, growth or development by beginning with a single course and then spreads out unto many branches or by beginning with many branches which then comer together into a single channel. BACK

23. Gantt Chart • A gannt chart is an activity time chart that illustrates the start and finish dates of a certain activity or project. NEXT

24. Graphs Graphs shows quantitative data. This kind of graphics make analysis and interpretation of numerical information easier.

25. Types of graphs: • Line graphs • Bar graphs • Pie graph or circle graph • Area or solid graphs • Pictographs

26. Line graphs • They are used when plotting trends of relationships between series of data shows • It shows the progress over a period of time. BACK

27. Bar graphs • The data are presented in horizontal or vertical bars. • Simplest and easiest to read. BACK

28. Pie graph or circle graph • Represents the parts of the whole. BACK

29. Area or Solid Graphs. They are used to compare several related totals through the use of geometric shapes. BACK

30. Pictographs • These graph utilize related pictures or drawings to show numerical data. • It is an adaption of bar graph. NEXT

31. Diagram • Shows relationship or to help explain in a process, how something works or how something is constructed.

32. Types: • Cluster or cloud diagram

33. Chain of events

34. Fishbone mapping

35. Cycle

36. Compare/ contrast

37. Venn diagram

38. Maps (flat maps) • Maps are representation of the earth’s surface or part of it.

39. Types • Political maps: They show territories and boundaries

40. Types • Physical maps They show data like altitude, temperature, rainfall, precipitation, vegetation, and soil.

41. Types: • Commercial Economic Map They show a variety of information like the economic produce of the different regions.

42. Flips Charts • Supported by a four-legged easel or tripod and several sheets of paper are hinged at the upper edge of the chart.

43. Pictures and Photograps • Pictures- any kind of opaque representation of visual images • All photographs are pictures but not all pictures are photographs.

44. Postcards • These are commercially printed with space on one side an address and postage stamp used for sending a short message through mail.

45. Flash Cards • Used for drill activities in teaching certain topics. • Contain words, phrases, sentence, math combination or pictures.

46. REFERENCES: • http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=magnetic+boards+for+kids&hl • http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=chalk&hl • http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=magnetic+boards+for+office&hl • http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=cloth+board&hl • http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=pegboards&hl • http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=pegboards&hl • http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl