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World War I

World War I. The “MAIN” Causes. M ilitarism. Increased military spending German/British Dreadnought Race Austro-Italian Naval Race. Comparative Naval Strength Aug-1914. Militarism. Stockpiling of Arms Conscription Schlieffen Plan. 1. The Alliance System. Triple Entente :.

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World War I

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  1. World War I The “MAIN” Causes

  2. Militarism • Increased military spending • German/British Dreadnought Race • Austro-Italian Naval Race Comparative Naval Strength Aug-1914

  3. Militarism • Stockpiling of Arms • Conscription • Schlieffen Plan

  4. 1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

  5. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

  6. Imperialism • Ottoman Empire – “Sick Man in Europe” • Russia • Protector of Slavs • Serbs • Slavic Nationalism • Austria • A-H Empire

  7. Imperialism • North Africa • Morocco

  8. Nationalism • Slavic Nationalism in Balkans • Serbs • Russia – • “Protector of the Slavic people”

  9. German Nationalism • Weltpolitik – Germany’s desire to play a greater role on the world stage • “No modern German would plead guilty to a mere lust of conquest for the sake of conquest. But the vague and undefined schemes of Teutonic expansion. . .are but the expression of the deeply rooted feeling that Germany has by the strength and purity of her national purpose, the fervor of her patriotism, the depth of her religious feeling, the high standard of competency, and the perspicuous honesty of her administration, the successful pursuit of every branch of public and scientific activity, and the elevated character of her philosophy art, and ethics, established for herself the right to assert the primacy of German national ideals”

  10. Propaganda???: German Poster Think of Your Children!

  11. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

  12. Sick Man in Europe • Decline of the Ottoman Empire • Location for nationalism to express itself • Balkan Wars of 1912 & 1913

  13. Sarajevo…where the first domino fell in 1914 • Gavrilo Princip – Bosnian Serb Nationalist • Assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand of A-H Sarajevo

  14. Who’s To Blame?

  15. Response…Europe goes to war… • Blank Check from Germany • Ultimatum to Serbia • Austria mobilizes against Serbia • Russia pledges to help Serbia • France supports Russia • Germany begins Schlieffen plan • Germany through neutral Belgium • Britain enters war

  16. The War of theIndustrial Revolution:NewTechnology…

  17. British Tank at Ypres • 1st use of gas on Western Front

  18. French Renault Tank

  19. U-Boats

  20. The Airplane • Progression • Reconnaissance • Dog Fights • Bombing “Squadron Over the Brenta”Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

  21. “Red Baron?” • Manfred von Richthoffen • over 40 kills

  22. Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

  23. The Zeppelin

  24. FlameThrowers GrenadeLaunchers

  25. Poison Gas Machine Gun

  26. Verdun – February, 1916 • German offensive. • “Bleed the French white” • Each side had 500,000 casualties.

  27. The Somme – July, 1916 • 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. • Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

  28. The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915 • Result: Failure to take Istanbul Allies take and hold for nearly a year • Retreat due to dysentery • Casualties: • Ottomans: 220,000 • Aussies and New Z: 33,000 • French: 20,000

  29. WHY? WHY? WHY? Colonial (Imperialism) Influence & Participation…

  30. Sikh British Soldiers in India

  31. Fighting in Africa Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen[German E. Africa] British Sikh Mountain Gunners

  32. The End of WWI Americans Join

  33. American Neutrality • Hoped to continue trading with both sides. • What is considered contraband? • British Blockade on German ports…???

  34. Which side should the US pick? Central Powers: Allies: • 11 million German-Americans • Irish-Americans hated Great Britain • Close cultural ties • Shared transatlantic cables (so censored stories) • Big business loaned much $ to allies US Exports to both sides:

  35. Germany’s Disadvantage • Winter 1914-1915 - realization it will be a long war • Germany knows it can’t compete with Britain’s navy • Starve Britain!

  36. Neutral Trade Compromised • February 1915 - Germany proclaims merchant ships bound for England will be destroyed without warning • U-Boats begin to attack

  37. According to the artist who drew this cartoon, what effect is England's blockade having on neutral and American shipping? • How does the artist make this point? • Is the artist opposed to or in favor of England's blockade? How does he make this point?

  38. Germany Under All3/12/15 • How are the U-boats represented in this cartoon? • Is this cartoon sympathetic to the German cause? Explain.

  39. JOHN BULL USES THE AMERICAN FLAG FOR PROTECTION ("CAWNT YOU SEE I'M A BLOOMING YANKEE!!") March 1915 • Why is John Bull's claim supposed to be unconvincing? • In addition to flying a German flag, how else is the German identity of the submarine sailor made apparent. • Is this cartoon sympathetic to the Germans? Explain.

  40. THE MISTRESS OF THE SEAS • According to this cartoon, how did the Germans view the British navy? • In your opinion, was this a legitimate perception on the part of the Germans? • In light of this German perception of the British navy, why did the Germans feel justified in using their U-boats as they did?

  41. Lusitania • May 7, 1915 - British passenger liner destroyed • More than 100 Americans killed

  42. Controversy • Travelers were warned. • Passenger liner or British munitions ship? • Transporting Canadian Reserves

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