Martin Wafler, Christine Werner, Hinnerk Bartels, Johannes Heeb and Ulrike Mosel

1. Commissioned by: Ecological Sanitation Modules for Agricultural Reuse Implemented by the Innovative Ecological Sanitation Network India (IESNI) Martin Wafler, Christine Werner, Hinnerk Bartels, Johannes Heeb and Ulrike Mosel German Agency for Technical Co-Operation (GTZ) ecological sanitation programme, Division 44 – environment and infrastructure ACTSAgriculture, Crafts, Training and Studies seecon International gmbh Durban, 24.05.2005

2. Objectives of the Innovative Ecological Sanitation Network India (IESNI) • Supporting the development of: • innovative ecological sanitation systems (closed loop systems) for India (for rural and urban applications) • the institutional and economical framework for implementation of innovative ecological sanitation systems in India • the acceptance of reusing recycled nutrients in agricultural applications • Implementing and evaluating 3 - 5 case studies in India. • Providing capacity building, knowledge dissemination, experience sharing and implementation support Durban, 24.05.2005

3. Government of Maharashtra, Dept. of Agr. Case Studies in Nagpur and Khopoli, Maharashtra State Durban, 24.05.2005

4. Government of Maharashtra, Dept. of Agr. Case Studies in Nagpur and Khopoli, Maharashtra State (contd.) VANAMATI Nagpur RAMETI Khopoli Durban, 24.05.2005

5. Navsarjan Trust Case Studies in Gujarat State Durban, 24.05.2005

6. Navsarjan Trust Case Studies in Gujarat State (contd.) Navsarjan DSK-Campus Navsarjan Primary Schools Durban, 24.05.2005

7. ACTS Case Study in Bangalore, Karnataka State Durban, 24.05.2005

8. ACTS Case Study in Bangalore, Karnataka State (contd.) ACTS Public Toilet Center and Rayasandra Campus Durban, 24.05.2005

9. Modules to be Implemented by the IESNI • „water saving modules“: • installation of flow limiter (shower nozzles, water taps) • deinstallation of shower nozzles and installation of „bucket –showers“ • „greywater modules“: • pre-treatment of greywater in vermifilter • mulch trenchesfor sub-surface distribution of greywater used for irrigation (with or witout pre-treatment) • „blackwater modules“: • water-less urine-separation vermicomposting toilets (vermitoilets) • anaerobic digestion of blackwater from common toilet blocks • solid-liquid separation cum vermicomposting of blackwater in a vermifilter • „urine modules“: • urine collection from urinals (females and males) and urine-separation squatting toilets • „common sanitation blocks“: • sanitation blocks providing toilet facilities, showers and wash-basins Durban, 24.05.2005

10. 35 30 20 Module “Greywater Pre-Treatment in vermifilter” compost filter collection chamber rush mat organic material (coarse) organic material gravel irrigation trenches cutting pump Durban, 24.05.2005

11. Setup for Research on the Use of Mulch-Trenches for Sub-Surface Distribution of Greywater straw woodchips rice husk pipes straw wood- and barkchips rice husk Durban, 24.05.2005

12. ca. 25 - 30 depending on plants to be planted ca. 25 - 30 ca. 25 - 30 Setup for Research on the Use of Mulch-Trenches for Sub-Surface Distribution of Greywater (contd.) Durban, 24.05.2005

13. Module “Greywater Distribution in Mulch Trenches” • advantages of using organic material for sub-surface distribution of greywater: • it‘s locally available (coconut fibres, rice husk, wood chips, bark chips, ...) • use of organics (agricultural scraps, ...) that may otherwise not be used, • it doesn‘t require costly materials (PVC-pipes, gravel, ...) to be used, • it‘s flexible in construction and can easily be replaced in the event of decomposition and clogging, • use for co-composting afterwards • ... Mulch filled trench or pit source: http//www. (modified) Durban, 24.05.2005

14. 116 116 200 ~ 95 346 ~ 95 362 89 100 80 100 146 23 23 11 11 11 23 25 23 A B C C D D A B Module: “Urine-Separation Vermitoilet” ventilation pipe leachate garden to greywater garden urine collection compartment Durban, 24.05.2005

15. 116 91 72 ~ 95 100 72 ~ 95 200 89 362 228 23 23 11 11 11 11 2 % 2 % 23 A B C C A B Module “Urine-Separation Vermitoilet” (cont.) break-through for leachate discharge leachate garden to greywater garden urine collection compartment Durban, 24.05.2005

16. 30 100 60 90 70 80 228 362 100 23 25 11 11 20 2 % ground level ground level Module “Urine-Separation Vermitoilet” (cont.) gully (sloping towards the outside) urine collection tank break-through for leachate discharge Durban, 24.05.2005

17. Module “Urine-Separation Vermitoilet” (cont.) feces & anal cleansing water urine primary washing hands improved urine separation quatting slab at ACTS Public Toilet Centre, Bangalore design of urine separation quatting slab for Navsarjan Primary Schools, Gujarat Durban, 24.05.2005

18. Module “Anaerobic Digestion of Blackwater” primary washing hands water manure human feces, urine, anal cleansing and flush water biogas for cooking solization or vermicomposting digester Durban, 24.05.2005

19. ? 180 20 20 50 130 cm 50 150 cm 50 45 45 45 Module “Solid-Liquid Separation cum Vermicomposting of Blackwater in a vermifilter” organic material gravel using existing sewer as a spillway and the soak pit in the event of break-down of pump corrugated iron sheet rush mat distribution chambers organic material organic material gravel gravel Durban, 24.05.2005

20. urine collection pipe Module “Urine Collection and Storage” Durban, 24.05.2005

21. Module “Urine Collection and Storage” inspection pipefor checking urine volume transportation of urine from point of collection to storage tanks by cart urine collection tank (plastic) Hostel/Kitchen Building orAdministration/Training Building Vurine Vurine Vurine urine storage tank Durban, 24.05.2005

22. A A Module “Common Sanitation Block” leachate infiltration trench urine collection tank tree planter planter greywater garden greywater garden wash wash Durban, 24.05.2005

23. Commissioned by: Ecological Sanitation Modules for Agricultural Reuse Implemented by the Innovative Ecological Sanitation Network India (IESNI) Martin Wafler, Christine Werner, Hinnerk Bartels, Johannes Heeb and Ulrike Mosel German Agency for Technical Co-Operation (GTZ) ecological sanitation programme, Division 44 – environment and infrastructure ACTSAgriculture, Crafts, Training and Studies seecon International gmbh Durban, 24.05.2005