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MIDDLE ENGLISH PERIOD (1100 – 1400)

MIDDLE ENGLISH PERIOD (1100 – 1400). History: 1. early 10 th century, Scandinavian Vikings 2. Knoet King of England 3. Edward 4. William (1066) Language: 1. French dialect court 2. Latin scholars

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MIDDLE ENGLISH PERIOD (1100 – 1400)

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  1. MIDDLE ENGLISH PERIOD(1100 – 1400) • History: 1. early 10th century, Scandinavian Vikings 2. Knoet King of England 3. Edward 4. William (1066) • Language: 1. French dialect court 2. Latin scholars 3. Norman-French leading language 4. Anglo-Saxon

  2. - After 1204, Normandy became a part of France Norman-French --- Anglo-French --- ‘Modern’ English - Groundwork: Germanic --- French --- Danish • Literature Romances 1. The Cycle of Charlemagne 2. The Life of Alexander the Great 3. The Siege of Troy 4. The Story of King Arthur and his Round Table 5. Geoffrey Monmouth (Latin): “History of the Kings of Britain” (1147)

  3. Other works: 1. Sir Thomas Malory collected “the Arthurian Legends” (1490) and later he wrote “Morte d’Arthur” (1584). 2. Gaimar translated “the Celtic Legends” into Anglo- French (1150). 3. Wace translated “the Celtic Legends” into Anglo- Norman (1165). 4. Walter Map collected all legends and romances (1175). 5. Parcival found “The Quest of the Holy Grail” as part of “The Arthurian Romances” 6. Layam translated “Arthurian Romances” and transposed them in English metrical romance “Sir Gawain and The Green Knight” (1200)

  4. Allegoric works: William Langland (1370) wrote “The Vision of Piers the Plowman” alliterative verse serious satire great pitiful attention to the poor - miserable

  5. Ballads Folk ballads 1. Lord Randall (the origin of English and Scottish ballad) 2. The Wife of Usher’s Well 3. Sir Patrick Spens 4. Barbara Allen 5. The Riddling Knight 6. The Robin Hood and Allan-a-Dale

  6. Medieval Pageant 1. The Wife of Bath’s tale (popular Mysteries/Miracle Plays) 2. Chester Plays (by Randulf Higden – 14th century) London’s Festival - 1973 • Moralities 1. The Castle of Perseverance (early 15th century) 2. Everyman (allegorical play)

  7. GEOFFREY CHAUCER(1340 – 1400) • History - 1300-1350: the period of Chaucer - transition time: 1. the beginning of class struggle 2. lower class people demand their right 3. the decline of esteem of chivalry 4. the church looses its influence - 1400-1558: the time of incessant wars

  8. Literary career 1. The French influence (Roman de la Rose) - The Book of Duchesse - Complaint to Pity (Chaucerian stanza: 7 lines of iambic pentameter rhyme: ababbcc Rime Royal) 2. The Italian influence (Dante, Petrarch, Boccacio, Heroic Couplet) - Parliament of Fowles - Troilus and Criseyds - The House of Fame - Life of St. Caecilia

  9. The period of greatest achievement: 1. Legend of Good Woman 2. The Canterbury Tales (24 tales) the prologue to the Middle English Period • Chaucer’s imitators and disciples: 1. Thomas Hoccleve (1370-1450) - Regement of Princess (1411-12..) 2. John Lydgate (1370-1451) - Storie of Thebes - Troy-Book (French Romances) - Fall of Princess (Latin of Boccacio) - The Temple of Glass (allegorical love story) - The Pilgrimage of Man

  10. 3. Sir Thomas Clanvowe (1403): - The Cuckoo and the Nightingale 4. Alexander Barclay (1475- 1552): - Shyp of Folys (1509) Narrenschiff (Latin) 5. John Skelton (1460-1529) satirist - The Bowge of Court - The Boke of Colyn Cloute - The Garland of Laurell - Why come ye nat to Court? - Boke of Phylyp Sparowe (elegy)

  11. In Scotland 1. King James I (1395-1436) Chaucer’s imitator - The King is Quair (1423) Chaucerian stanza 2. William Dummbar: - The Golden Targe - Thistle and the Rose - The Dance of the Seven Deadly Sins

  12. 3. Robert Henryson: - The Testament of Cressida 4. David Lindsay: - The Monarch, or Ane Dialogue of the Miserable - State of the World bold satyre

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