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Lecture 21

Lecture 21. Mr. Sover 7 October 2009. Pass Homework In Pass Back Tests. Everything requires energy!. In order for organisms to carry out life functions, their cells must have energy available to do biological work. The energy available to do work is called free energy

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Lecture 21

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  1. Lecture 21 Mr. Sover 7 October 2009

  2. Pass Homework InPass Back Tests

  3. Everything requires energy! In order for organisms to carry out life functions, their cells must have energy available to do biological work. The energy available to do work is called free energy Chemical reactions that require free energy are called endergonic reactions

  4. Endergonic reactions But where does this free energy come from??

  5. Exergonic Reactions • Exergonic reaction-chemical reaction that releases free energy • Free energy is in the form of adenosine triphosphate or ATP • A-P-P-P • Energy is extracted from ATP when a bond is broken between two of the phosphate groups • ATP + water  ADP + P(inorganic) + energy • hydrolysis reaction

  6. Examples The energy released from this reaction can create heat for warm-blooded animals It can also help certain types of transport across cell membranes

  7. In sum… Endergonic Reaction-requires energy from ATP to occur Exergonic reaction-creates energy (a phosphate bond is broken in ATP) ADP-ATP Cycle

  8. How do cells replenish their supply of ATP? In animals, glucose can provide this source of free energy During cellular respiration (breathing), some of the energy released by breaking the bonds of food molecules such as glucose is used to make ATP from ADP

  9. Processes that require oxygen are called aerobic processes (aerobic respiration). Aerobic Respiration has many steps… From a molecule of glucose, 38 ATP can be produced HOWEVER, two ATP are used in the process, so the net production is 36 ATP

  10. ATP is the currency of the cell It’s just the right amount of energy in each ATP to be used for cellular functions.

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