Ocean Conservation

1. Ocean Conservation [Humans were once terrified] Essential Questions: What does the future hold in terms of ocean quality, use, and preservation? What can we do to take care of the ocean? How do I properly cite my sources in my project?

2. Problem #1: Oil Spills BP Oil Spill

3. Description An oil spill is when an amount of petroleum is realeased in an area where it can cause damage. Oil spills can happen when people make mistakes or are careless and cause an oil tanker to leak oil into the ocean.Equipment breaking down may cause an oil spill. Or even when countries are at war, one country may decide to dump gallons of oil into the other country’s oceans.

4. What are the Causes of OilSpills? • Negligentmaintenance • Natural causes • Shipwrecking • Openings in the sea floor

5. What Are the Effects? • Birds die • Fish die • Oceans are polluted • Beaches are contaminated • People get sick if they consume the water

6. Solutions • Clean up the seashore • Use special vacuum cleaners • Use special inflatables • Prevent spills (maintain petroleum drills at their best shape)

7. How to Avoid Plagiarism • It is illegal to copy other people’s words and ideas without giving them credit. • When you use a writer's wording — even a phrase — always put quotation marks around the writer's exact words. • Be sure to include all sources that you use in your “Works Cited.”

8. Problem #2: Coral reef destruction

9. Description Coral reefs are underwater structures made from calcium carbonate secreted by corals. The habitat of thousands of marine species, they are known as the sea’s rainforest. Coral reefs are dying around the world.

10. In El Nino year, 1998, 16% of the world's reefs died as a result of increased water temperature. In Indonesia, surveys showed some 80% of bleached corals died. Scientists do not yet understand the long-term impacts of coral bleaching, but they do know that bleaching leaves corals vulnerable to disease, stunts their growth, and affects their reproduction, while severe bleaching kills them.

11. Causes • Global warming • Agricultural and urban runoff • Trash • Overfishing and blast fishing • Coral mining • Tourism • Pollution

12. Effects • Coral disease • No fish • Coral bleaching • Coral death • Ocean acidification • Species extinction • Change in sea temperature

13. Solutions • Plant a tree • Support reef-friendly businesses • Practice safe and responsible diving/snorkeling • Contact your government representatives • Dispose of your trash properly • Use ecological or organic fertilizers

14. What is a Citation? • A reference to a source used in a research project • Whenever you use another person’s ideas or words in a research project, you must cite, or give credit, to that person. • MLA is a standard way of citing sources. Each source is formatted in a specific way.

15. Problem #3: Overfishing & destructive METHODS OF FISHING

16. Description Overfishing is, simply put, when so many fish are caught that the population can't reproduce enough to replace them, a nonsustainable use of the ocean. Overfishing can lead to depletion of or extinction of fish populations.

17. Causes • Aggressive fishing techniques and equipment • Advanced fishing technology • Increased demand for fish as a good source of protein • Negligent fishing • Exploitation • Lack of knowledge of the problem

18. Effects • Ecosystem destruction • Species depleted • Fish extinction • Bycatch – discards • Rupture in food web

19. Solutions • Ban destructive methods • Reduce commercial fishing • Protect key parts in ecosystems • Monitoring and enforcement • Spread the word • Be informed • Know where your fish comes from

20. 3 Reasons to Cite • To find information – it helps you remember where you found your information • To show that you understand your topic – it shows that you have expert backing in your understanding of your topic • To avoid plagiarism – it keeps you out of trouble!

21. Problem #4: Shark Finning

22. Description Shark finning refers to the removal and retention of shark fins and the discard at sea of the carcass. The shark is most often still alive when it is tossed back into the water. Unable to swim, and bleeding to death, the shark suffers a slow death where 95% of the animal is wasted.

23. Causes • Use in Shark Fin Soup • Use as traditional cures • A pound of dried shark fin can retail for up to $300 • Finning is widespread and largely unmonitored.

24. Effects • Loss and devastation of shark populations around the world • Threat to the ecosystem • Disruption of the Food Chain

25. Solutions • Ban Shark Finning • Create trade bans and restrictions • Create shark sanctuaries • Increase enforcement of laws already in place

26. How to Begin Your Research

27. Bibliography [Bird covered in oil]. 2013. Wikipedia. Online image. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_spill>. BP Oil Spill: Oil Containment System Appears Operational. 2010. Oil Spill News. Online image. Web. 11 Feb. 2013. <http://www.oilspillnews.net/oil-spill- clean-up/bp-oil-spill-oil-containment-system-appears-operational/>. Coral Reef Alliance. The Coral Reef Alliance, 2012. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. <http://www.coral.org/>. [Dead oil-covered birds]. 2009. Wikipedia. Online image. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. <http://www.polarfield.com/blog/tag/duane-gill/>. [Humans were once terrified]. Online image. Web. 11 Feb. 2013. <http://vi.sualize.us/humans_were_once_terrified_of_sea_today_its_ot her_way_around_greenpeace_pollution_conservation_picture_4Mum.html>. Koster, Pepijn. Overfishing - A Global Disaster. Overfishing.org, 2011. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. <http://overfishing.org/>.

28. Bibliography (cont’d) My Coral Triangle. World Wide Fund for Nature, 1986. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. <http://www.mycoraltriangle.com/coralweb/about/>. Oil Spill Solutions. International Spill Control Organization, n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. <http://oilspillsolutions.org/>. Oil Spills. ThinkQuest, 2002. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. <http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0215471/oil_spills.htm>. Overfishing. Wikipedia, 17 Jan. 2013. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overfishing>. John Bruno (Lead Author);Mark McGinley (Topic Editor) "Coral reefs and climate change". In: Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment). [First published in the Encyclopedia of Earth August 26, 2008; Last revised Date January 13, 2013; Retrieved February 15, 2013 <http://www.eoearth.org/article/Coral_reefs_and_climate_change>

29. Begin your research!