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IPv6 and Overlays

Learn about IPv6 motivation, packet format, comparisons with IPv4, limitations, and the introduction of overlay networks. Discover goals, examples, and the impact on Internet networks. Explore resilient overlay network (RON) concepts and P2P networks.

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IPv6 and Overlays

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  1. IPv6 and Overlays EE122 Introduction to Communication Networks Discussion Section

  2. IPv6: Motivation • Need for a larger address space • Explosive growth • Under-utilization by class A/B/C addresses - Minus CIDR, NAT increase usable address space + Plus Wireless sensor networks, ubiquitous computing require small devices have IP addresses

  3. Packet Format From wikipedia

  4. Larger address is not everything • Headers structure is made to improve the performance of routing (from wikipedia) • No fragmentation • PMTU discovery is needed • No checksum • Flow label – QoS management • IPsec • Multicast

  5. Comparison of IPv4 and IPv6

  6. Limitation of IP layer services • QoS • Payment issue • IPsec • End-to-End argument • Multicast

  7. Internet Today • Changes in the network happen very slowly • IPv6 not deployed widely yet • Other examples: IPSEC (93), IP Multicast (90) • Why? • Internet network is a shared infrastructure; need to achieve consensus (IETF) • Many of proposals require to change a large number of routers (e.g., IP Multicast, QoS); otherwise end-users won’t benefit • One size does not fit all • Different applications have different requirements

  8. Goals • Make it easy to deploy new functionalities in the network  accelerate the pace of innovation • Allow users to customize their service

  9. IP AS-1 Overlay Network (over IP) AS-1 One Solution • Deploy processing in the network • Have packets processed as they traverse the network

  10. Reroute traffic using red alternative overlay network path, avoid congestion point Example MIT Berkeley Default IP path determined by BGP & OSPF UCLA Acts as overlay router 1

  11. Resilient Overlay Network (RON) • Premise: by building application overlay network, can increase performance and reliability of routing • Install N computers at different Internet locations • Each computer acts as an overlay network router • Between each overlay router is an IP tunnel (logical link) • Logical overlay topology is all-to-all (N^2) • Computers actively measure each logical link in real time for • Packet loss rate, latency, throughput, etc • Route overlay network traffic based on measured characteristics

  12. What about P2P networks? • Some overlays are p2p networks • Some p2p networks are overlays

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