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Exploring the Periodic Table: Mendeleev's Insight & Element Discoveries

Dive into the mystery of matter and uncover elemental patterns while playing a card game inspired by Mendeleev. Learn how Mendeleev revolutionized the periodic table by predicting undiscovered elements and arranging them based on atomic number and properties. Discover the significance of noble gases and atomic number reorganization, and explore why the periodic table is structured uniquely. Unravel the development of the periodic table through historical discoveries and classifications, from Mendeleev's era to modern advancements.

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Exploring the Periodic Table: Mendeleev's Insight & Element Discoveries

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  1. Unit 7: The Periodic Table

  2. Card Activity 10pts • How did your group decide to arrange the cards? (what patterns are you noticing) • Have you changed the arrangement with new discovered cards? • Where did you place 2 diamonds? Why? • What is the trend going down the columns (family/group)? • What is the trend going across the rows (period)? • Can you predict what cards may exist, but not yet discovered? • How do you believe this activity is related to the development of the periodic table?

  3. How a card game inspired Professor Mendeleev • Solitarie (German- 1783) • Cards are arranged by suit horizontally (periods on the table) • By number vertically (groups on the table)

  4. The Mystery of Matter: Search for the ElementsEpisode 2: Unruly Elements (Part 1)

  5. Pre- Mendeleev • Key Concept 1: In the 1700s, the first list compiled all the known elements of the time; they were grouped into Gases, Metals, Nonmetals, and Earths.

  6. Dmitri Mendeleev 1834-1906

  7. Dmitri Mendeleev 1834-1906 • Key Concept 2: Mendeleev was a Russian chemist who created a farsighted version of the periodic table of elements. • He used it to correct the properties of some already discovered elements and also to predict the properties of eight elements yet to be discovered.

  8. Dmitri Mendeleev 1834-1906 • One of 14 kids or one of 17 kids there are two different stories, but he was the youngest. • Known for his crazy hair and beard that he only trimmed once a year. • Taught an intro level Chemistry course at St. Petersburg University.

  9. Dmitri Mendeleev 1834-1906 • Unable to find a proper text for his students, he decided to write his own. • Principles of Chemistry- 1868. • Volume 1→ had only 9 of the 63 elements • Volume 2→ needed to have the other 54

  10. Dmitri Mendeleev 1834-1906 • Mendeleev began to toy with the elements to try to place them in a table. • The elements were currently arranged based on atomic weight Or by its common properties. • Key Concept 3: Mendeleev was determined to combine the two ways of classifying elements (atomic weight & properties).

  11. “An Attempt at a System of Elements, Based on Their Atomic Weight and Chemical Affinity” • “Because the properties repeated themselves periodically, the invention became known as the periodic table”.

  12. Development of the Periodic Table (cont.) • In the development it was noticed when the elements were arranged by increasing atomic mass, their properties repeated every eighth element.

  13. Development of the Periodic Table (cont.) • He left gaps in the table predicting that new elements would be found.

  14. Major Changes Post- Mendeleev to P-Table • Ramsay's 1894 discovery of Argon and Helium. • Mendeleev did not predict nor leave room for these elements on the periodic table and therefore disagreed with their discovery. • It wasn’t unit 1903 after years of research that Mendeleev agreed with Ramsay that there are inert gases. • He then created and added a new group called the Noble Gases.

  15. Major Changes Post- Mendeleev to P-Table • Re-organize according to atomic number (protons) not weight (Thanks Moseley). • Based on IUPAC standards, there are currently 118 elements on the periodic table. This is after four new elements were added in July of 2016. • Discovery of the internal structure of the atom helped explain why properties repeated themselves periodically.

  16. Key Concept 4: Learning Check How has the periodic table changed overtime? Why have these changes occurred?

  17. End of Lesson 1

  18. Importance of Tables

  19. Importance of Tables

  20. Key Concept 5: Driving Question- Why is the Periodic Table of Elements shaped weird?

  21. Why is the Periodic Table of Elements shaped weird?

  22. Why is the Periodic Table of Elements shaped weird?

  23. Why is the Periodic Table of Elements shaped weird? How is the periodic table arranged? • Atomic Number (Proton #) • NOT BY MASS

  24. Why is the Periodic Table of Elements shaped weird? How is the periodic table arranged? • Key Concept 6: Columns of elements are called groups (families). • Key Concept 7: Rows of elements are called periods.

  25. Why is the Periodic Table of Elements shaped weird? What information does the periodic table give you?

  26. What’s in a name? Periodic Table of Elements • appearing or occurring at intervals. • a set of facts or figures systematically displayed • expressing the relationship between a part and a whole • substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means.  

  27. What’s in a name? Periodic Table of Elements The Periodic Table is a chart which arranges the chemical elements in a useful, logical manner. Key Concept 8: Elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number, lined up so that elements which exhibit similar properties are arranged in the same row or column as each other.

  28. Would you want to shop here?

  29. You wouldn’t want to shop here either?

  30. Valence Electrons

  31. Valence Electrons

  32. Metalloids

  33. Metalliods

  34. Trends in the Periodic Table • A very important rule of Chemistry is there is always an exception to the rules in Chemistry.

  35. What the underlying cause that allows these trends to exist?

  36. Development of the Periodic Table (cont.) (KC-9) Answer to Key Concept 1: As the periodic table developed over time it took on it’s weird shape due to the electron configuration of each element discovered.

  37. Key Concept 10: Learning Check • Breakdown the title and explain the name “Periodic Table of Elements”. • Why is the Periodic Table shaped weird?

  38. The Element Song

  39. Periodic Table is just a Treasure Map in Disguise

  40. Let’s go on a Treasure Hunt

  41. What information is on the p-table? • Columns of elements are called groups(families). • Rows of elements are called periods. • Elements in groups 1A,2A, and 3A-8A possess a wide variety of chemical and physical properties and are called the representative elements. • Elements in groups “B” are known as the transition metals and inner transition metals.

  42. Hidden Treasure Group and Periods Representative Elements (Group A) Transitional metal, Inner transitional metal (Group B)

  43. What information is on the p-table? • The two sets of inner transition metals are called the lanthanide seriesand actinide seriesand are located at the bottom of the periodic table. • How do you think they got their name?

  44. Hidden Treasure Lanthanide seriesand actinide series

  45. What information is on the p-table? • Atoms groups/ families have similar properties. WHY? • They are similar because they all have the same number of valence (outer shell) electrons, which governs their chemical behavior.

  46. Hidden Treasure Valence Electrons

  47. CHEMICAL REACTIONS Remember-The only subatomic particles involved in chemical reaction are valence electrons. X x X

  48. What information is on the p-table?

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