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Chapter 26

The Cold War. Chapter 26. EQ. What was the Cold War? How did it shape 20 th Century America?. AKS. 49a - describe the creation of the Marshall Plan, U.S. commitment to Europe, the Berlin Airlift, the Truman Doctrine, and the origins and implications of the containment policy

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Chapter 26

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  1. The Cold War Chapter 26

  2. EQ • What was the Cold War? • How did it shape 20th Century America?

  3. AKS • 49a - describe the creation of the Marshall Plan, U.S. commitment to Europe, the Berlin Airlift, the Truman Doctrine, and the origins and implications of the containment policy • 49b - explain the impact of the new communist regime in China, the outbreak of the Korean War, and how these events contributed to the rise of Senator Joseph McCarthy • 49c - describe the Cuban Revolution, the Bay of Pigs, and the Cuban missile crisis • 49d - describe the Vietnam War, the Tonkin Resolution, and the Tet Offensive • 49e - describe the impact of competition with the USSR, as evidenced by the launch of Sputnik I, and the ensuing space race, and President Eisenhower's actions (defense spending) • 49f - explain the role of geography on the U.S. containment policy, the Korean War, the Bay of Pigs, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Vietnam War

  4. What does the bomb have to do with the Cold War? • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=67a31aca-0507-4bab-ae61-035a4e617411

  5. Before WWII – Balance of World Power U.S.S.R. Japan Germany U.S.A. Britain France

  6. After WWII – Balance of World Power ? Britain ?

  7. What is a “Cold War?” ?

  8. The Cold War The Cold War and the danger of nuclear war define international affairs, especially after the Korean War. Fear of communism in the U.S. leads to accusations against innocent citizens. http://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/ushistory/coldwar/

  9. Communism vs. Capitalism VS

  10. Communism • An economic system based on one-party rule, government ownership of means of production, and decision making by centralized authorities • Secret Police • Purges

  11. Capitalism • An economic system in which there is private ownership of natural resources and capital goods • Free enterprise

  12. A Symbol of Peace • The United Nations • 1945, United Nations established as new peacekeeping body • UN becomes arena where U.S., U.S.S.R. compete

  13. Review • What is a “cold war?” • What started The Cold War? • Who were the two super powers that emerged from WWII? • What is the UN?

  14. What kind of drills do we have in schools today?

  15. Presidential Profile • Harry Truman (#33) • In Office: April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1953 • Democrat • FDR’s VP • “The buck stops here.” • Integrated the military • From Missouri • Scholars consider him one of the greatest U.S. Presidents

  16. U.S. Aims Versus U.S.S.R. Aims in Europe The U.S. wanted to… The u.s.s.r. wanted to… Encourage Communism Rebuild its war-ravaged country using resources from Eastern Europe Control Eastern Europe to balance U.S. influence in Western Europe Keep Germany divided and weak • Create a new world order in which all nations had the right to self-determination • Gain access to raw materials and markets for its industries • Rebuild governments and create new markets • Reunite Germany

  17. With a partner, summarize the aims of the U.S. vs The U.S.S.R.

  18. Tension Builds • Soviets Tighten Their Grip on Eastern Europe • Soviet Union also has great economic, military strength • Unlike U.S., Soviet Union suffered heavy devastation on own soil • Installs communist rule in satellite nations, countries it dominates • 1946, Stalin announces war between communism, capitalism inevitable

  19. Tension Builds (cont.) • United States Establishes a Policy of • U.S. policy of containment—measures to prevent spread of communism • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=abaeca30-fe7f-4e33-b12f-a7af60d9f3bb

  20. What does Churchill mean by the term “Iron Curtain?”

  21. The Iron Curtain

  22. Review • What is a Cold War? • Who were the powers involved? • Describe the policy of containment. • What are satellite nations? • What did Churchill mean by “iron curtain?”

  23. Truman Doctrine U.S. will fight for the freedom of other nations and people around the world

  24. The Marshall Plan • 1947, Sec. of State George Marshall proposes aid to nations in need • Marshall Plan revives 16 nations; Communist parties less appealing • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=232f0796-c0c8-4d41-89f4-06de6477c618

  25. The Berlin Airlift • 1948, Stalin closes highway, rail routes into West Berlin • Berlin airlift—Britain, U.S. fly food, supplies into West Berlin • 327 days • 277,000 flights • 2.3 million tons of supplies • Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), German Democratic Republic (East Germany) form • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=d2aae604-5eef-4c42-9204-6de91dd7d723

  26. North Atlantic Treat Organization (NATO) An attack on one is an attack on all!

  27. China Becomes a Communist State Chiang kai-shek Mao zedong Communist Ruled in northern China Relied on aid from the Soviets Attracted peasants with promises of land reform Experienced Guerillas • Nationalists • Ruled in southern and eastern china • Relied on aid from U.S. • Suffered from economic hardship • Weak leadership and poor morale • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=A73654F2-1561-442E-AB28-024739ECBF3B&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

  28. The Korean War

  29. The Korean War (cont.) • North Korea Attacks South Korea • 1950, North Korea invades South, begins Korean War • South Korea calls on UN to stop invasion • http://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/ushistory/koreanwar/ • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=d9336fc6-d8ea-477d-ae18-373601bb882a

  30. Review • What are satellite nations? • What is the Truman Doctrine? • What is the Marshall Plan? • What happens in the Berlin Airlift? • What happens in China? • How does the Korean War start? • How is Korea divided?

  31. The Korean War (cont.) • War lasts for about 2 years • 1953 armistice: Korea still divided; • Lack of success, high human, financial costs help elect Eisenhower

  32. Dwight D. Eisenhower (Ike) - #34 • In Office: January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961 • Supreme Allied commander in WWII • Republican • From Texas • Interstate system

  33. Fear of Communism During the late 1940s and early 1950s, fear of communism leads to reckless charges against innocent citizens

  34. Fear of Communists • American Sentiments • Communist takeover of Eastern Europe, China fuel fear of its spread • 100,000 in U.S. Communist Party; some fear may be loyal to U.S.S.R

  35. The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) • House Un-American Activities Committee investigates Communist ties • Hollywood blacklist—people with Communist ties, cannot get work • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=3C013878-1512-43A1-AD4A-94EF5B238E70

  36. Alger Hiss and The Rosenburgs • 1949, Soviets explode atomic bomb sooner than expected • Physicist Klaus Fuchs admits giving information about U.S. bomb • Ethel, Julius Rosenberg, minor Communist Party activists, implicated • Rosenbergs sentenced to death; Supreme Court upholds conviction • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=d82fc96a-77ba-4e5a-9861-c5f8d843a434

  37. McCarthyism • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=3C013878-1512-43A1-AD4A-94EF5B238E70

  38. Review • What are satellite nations? • What is the Truman Doctrine? • What is the Marshall Plan? • What happens in the Berlin Airlift? • What happens in China? • How does the Korean War start? • How is Korea divided?

  39. McCarthy’s Downfall • 1954, McCarthy accuses members of U.S. Army • Televised hearings show him bullying witnesses • Loses public support; Senate condemns him for improper conduct

  40. What does this say about America during this time? • Think (30 seconds) • Pair (1 minute) • Share!

  41. Review • What was the Truman Doctrine? • What is containment? • What was the Marshall Plan? • What happened in China? Why was this important in the Cod War? • Why was Korea divided? • Where was it divided? • Who was the “witch hunting” senator from WI? • What committee “blacklisted” Hollywood insiders as communists?

  42. Arms Race • Race for the H-Bomb • H-bomb—hydrogen bomb—nuclear weapon more powerful than atom bomb • 1952, U.S. explodes first H-bomb; 1953, Soviets explode one • The Policy of Brinkmanship • willingness to risk nuclear war to prevent spread of communism

  43. Stalin dies (1953), Khruschev takes power • Nikita Kruschev • Had same goals as Stalin but favored peaceful coexistence

  44. Central Intelligence Agency Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) uses spies to gather information

  45. The Warsaw Pact • Form Warsaw Pact—military alliance with 7 Eastern European countries

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