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Re-Tasking Spent Hybrid Vehicle Batteries as Peak Load Shavers. Gregory D Carlson Energy and Earth Resources Jackson School of Geosciences University of Texas at Austin. 00. 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.
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Re-Tasking Spent Hybrid Vehicle Batteries as Peak Load Shavers Gregory D Carlson Energy and Earth Resources Jackson School of Geosciences University of Texas at Austin
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Motivation to Store Power GAS / OIL / DIESEL GAS GAS Demand (MW) Marginal Cost ($/MW) COAL NUCLEAR HYDRO In PJM, the Brattle Group determined that reducing the peak demand by 0.9% dropped the market price of power 5-8%. University of Texas at Austin
Power Storage University of Texas at Austin
Storage – Efficiency Source: http://www.ElectricityStorage.org University of Texas at Austin
Storage – Costs Source: http://www.ElectricityStorage.org University of Texas at Austin
Hybrid Vehicle Batteries - Prius • Chemical Composition - NiMH • Capacity – 6.5 Ah, 201.6 V (1.95kWh) • Size - 0.02 cubic feet • Weight – 99lbs • Modules - 28 • Useable Life – 1500-2000 cycles in vehicle usage (translates to 6-12 years) • Cost – Almost free since they are being discarded University of Texas at Austin
Pros Cheap Point of Use High number (failure is probabilistic) Small size (relatively) No additional land requirement Cons No clear vendor Not very efficient (50-70%) Pros/Cons of Hybrid NiMH University of Texas at Austin
PHEV – HEV – EV Projections • Over 600,000 hyrbids in US right now • Hybrid market share is increasing • EV/PHEV battery size versus HEV • EV and PHEV battery packs will be similar chemical composition initially, but much larger • Next Gen Batteries – Li-Ion vs NiMH • Li-Ion have higher energy density, but lower life expectancy – may not be good for this application University of Texas at Austin
References • “Quantifying Demand Response Benefits in PJM,” Brattle, 2007. • “Potential for DR, EE, and Onsite RE to Meet Texas’ Growing Need,” ACEEE 2007. • http://photography4therestofus.wordpress.com/batteries/ • http://batterydata.com/ • http://www.toyota.com • http://science.howstuffworks.com/question247.htm • http://auto.howstuffworks.com/question219.htm • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_energy_storage University of Texas at Austin