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Chapter 13

Chapter 13. Recreation and Leisure in Everyday Life. Overview. Studying Leisure and Recreation In-Class Exercise High, Low and Popular Culture The Structure of Media Industries Media and Democracy Regulation and Censorship Media Effects Passive/Active Audiences

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Chapter 13

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  1. Chapter 13 Recreation and Leisure in Everyday Life

  2. Overview • Studying Leisure and Recreation • In-Class Exercise • High, Low and Popular Culture • The Structure of Media Industries • Media and Democracy • Regulation and Censorship • Media Effects • Passive/Active Audiences • Video: Killing Us Softly 4 • Recreation, Leisure and Relationships

  3. Leisure Freely chosen activities Recreation Satisfying, amusing, stimulating, refreshing Body, mind or spirit Characterized by consumption Goods and services for personal use The serious study of “fun” Important part of everyday life Time and money Related Developments: The decline of public life Formalizing recreation Commercialization In-Class Exercise “Consumption Quiz” Leisure and Recreation

  4. High, Low and Popular Culture • High culture —associated with elites • Examples: opera, museums • Popular culture —associated with the masses and consumer goods • Examples: hip hop music, TV

  5. Key segment of U.S. economy Major U.S. export Conglomeration Media companies become part of larger corporations May have other diverse businesses Profitable for investors Concentration Fewer corporations own more media Deregulation  mergers and takeovers Small # dominate market Own vast portfolios Various formats and delivery systems Many subsidiaries under parent company Allows for “synergy” (cross-promotion) The Structure of Media Industries

  6. Historical context Limited freedoms  American Revolution A system of "checks and balances" on power Three branches of government Executive, legislative, judiciary The media as the “Fourth Estate” 1st Amendment to U.S. Constitution: “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of people to peaceably assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.” The Media and Democracy 7

  7. Concerns about graphic content (sex, drugs, violence) Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Government regulations Obscene material is illegal Not protected under 1st Amendment Debates over definition Indecent material is legal but limited Restrict sales, decency standards Threats of censorship industry self-regulation Ratings and Warnings Film The Production Code (1930-60s) Challenged by filmmakers Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) ratings (1968) Problem enforcing Music Parents’ Music Resource Center (PMRC) (1980s) Senate hearings = “Parental Advisory” stickers Other Systems Video games TV Media Regulation and Censorship 8

  8. MPAA Ratings

  9. Television Ratings

  10. Video Games

  11. Media Consumption • Theories on effects • Influences behavior and shapes society • Passive Audiences • Magic Bullet (Hypodermic Needle) • Contents enter directly • Minimal Effects • Uses and Gratifications • Escape, interaction, identity, inform/educate, entertainment • Reinforcement Theory • Audience seeks media aligned with their own attitudes • Active Audiences • Interpretive strategies used to “read” texts • Encoding and Decoding • Ideology embedded in content

  12. Video Presentation:

  13. Recreation, Leisure, and Relationships • Leisure and Community • Collectors and Hobbyists • Hangouts: The Third Place • Travel and Tourism

  14. Fan-Celebrity Relations

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