The Evolving Global Electric Supply Scenario and Biofuels Opportunities in Bangladesh

1. The Evolving Global Electric Supply Scenario and Biofuels Opportunities in Bangladesh Professor Saifur Rahman Director BUET Dhaka, Bangladesh 03 March 2009 Advanced Research Institute Virginia Polytechnic Inst & State University, U.S.A. www.ari.vt.edu

2. World Electricity Generation by Fuel Source: IEA, Key World Energy Statistics 2008 ** Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, combustible renewables & waste

3. Transition from Central to Distributed

4. Worldwide Non-Hydro Renewables • In 2007, wind capacity reached 93,849 MW (WWEA, 2008). • The average annual growth rate in the last 10 years was close to 30% • In 2007, photovoltaic (PV) capacity reached 9,100 MW (EPIA, 2008). • Solar PV has a ten-year average annual growth rate of 31% • In 2006, geothermal capacity reached 9,600 MW (BP, 2008).

5. Wind Energy Off-shore Wind turbines, Blyth, U.K.

6. Wind Farm in Hawaii Source: NREL

7. U.S. Wind Energy Projects (as of 12/31/2008) Source: www.awea.org/projects

8. Source: Source: www.bp.com

9. Solar Photovoltaics Rooftop PV Test Facility at Virginia Tech, USA

10. Solar Power Highlights • Current solar PV capacity: 9,100 megawatts (end of 2007) • Some leading countries: - Germany (38.6%) - Japan (38.4%) - USA (12.9%) - Spain (1.6%) • Above 40% growth rate continued in 2004 and 2005, more than doubling the solar PV capacity in two years. Source: EPIA, 2008 and BP, 2007

11. Global Installed Solar Photovoltaics Cumulative Capacity 1992-2005 9,100 6,851 5,253 3,847 2,795 Source: EPIA, 2008

12. Solar Photovoltaic Applications • Grid Connected applications • Remote area applications • Building Integrated PV (BIPV)

13. Grid-connected Photovoltaics, New York City

14. Photovoltaics for Railway Signaling in Tibet

15. BIPV - 4 Times Square New York Location: Conde Nast Building, NYC Construction: BIPV Curtain Wall Completed: July 2001 Peak capacity: 20kW Type: Custom triple-laminated 40W amorphous Si modules Environmental: >1million lbs of CO2 over its lifetime

16. Building Integrated PV at a Thai University 23

17. Biodiversity Monitoring Project in Bangladesh 23

18. Lehrter Train Station, Germany Number of module: 1,440 Total area: 3,311 m2 PV output: 325 kW Electricity generation: 274,000 kWh/yr Source: http://www.cler.org/predac/article.php3?id_article=511

19. HydroelectricityLarge and Small

20. Three Gorges Dam in China

21. 26 x 700 = 18,200 MW

22. Small-Hydro

23. Nuclear Power Plant

24. Issues with Nuclear Energy • Long term storage of nuclear spent fuel • Concern about nuclear proliferation • No greenhouse gas (CO2) emissions • Cost: US $5 billion to $7 billion for a 1,500 MW plant

25. Costs of Renewable Power Technologies

26. Cost-Competitiveness of Selected Renewable Power Technologies Source: Renewable Energy: RD&D Priorities, OECD/IEA 2006.

27. Jatropha Plant and Seed

28. How many tons of Jatropha seeds per acre? • Assuming there is no intercropping needed, just jatropha plants, testing shows one can obtain an average of 7.5 kilograms of fruit or 3 kilograms of seeds per tree. • Therefore, 6 tons/acre. • At a minimum, several hundred acres of land needed for commercial operation.

29. How many liters of oil per 1,000 acres? • With an average ratio conversion of 40% from seeds into Jatropha oil, trees can produce 2,400 tons of Jatropha oil per 1,000 acres. • Applying a density rate of 0.9 kg/cm3, it is possible to obtain 2.7 Million liters of oil from 1,000 acres of land per year. • 2.646 million liters of biodiesel per 1000 acres

30. Contact Information Name: Prof. Saifur Rahman Affiliation: Virginia Tech, USA Phone: (703) 528-5500 Email: srahman@vt.edu Web site: www.ceage.vt.edu Questions or Comments?