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Chapter 13

Chapter 13 . The Roaring 20’s. The Changing Landscape of America in the 1920’s. Rural Life Ending South and West of US Less popular place to live Mostly agricultural Few Opportunities to make money Conservative beliefs Religious Not much to do at night Close knit communities

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Chapter 13

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  1. Chapter 13 The Roaring 20’s

  2. The Changing Landscape of America in the 1920’s • Rural Life Ending • South and West of US • Less popular place to live • Mostly agricultural • Few Opportunities to make money • Conservative beliefs • Religious • Not much to do at night • Close knit communities • Ethnically Homogeneous

  3. Urban(City) • Northeast US mostly • More popular place to live • Growing in size • Mostly industrial • Many opportunities to make money • Liberal beliefs (more open) • Less religious • Good Nightlife • Impersonal Society • Well Educated • Ethnically Diverse

  4. Ideas about Science and Religion • 1920’s clash between science and religion • Fundamentalism • Believing everything in the Bible is fact • Popular in Rural areas • Spread by preachers like Billy Sunday http://media.sermonindex.net/4/SID4499.mp3

  5. Darwinism • Believing people, plants and animals have evolved over millions of years • More popular in urban areas • Putting more faith in science then religion

  6. Science vs. Religion • Arguments between Fundamentalists and Darwinists came to a head in the Scopes Monkey Trial • In Tennessee it illegal to teach evolution in school/ Did it go against Separation of Church and state?

  7. John T Scopes volunteered to teach evolution and arrested • William Jennings Bryan came to defend religion • Clarence Darrow would defend Scopes • Lots of sensation • Decision: • Scopes guilty • Law remained in effect that it was illegal to teach evolution in school but the case shows the new challenges of a modern world

  8. Review of the clash between Science and Religion:

  9. Prohibition • Push to clean up America • 18th Amendment: 1920 • Can’t sell, make, or transport alcohol in US • Supported by • Women • South • Religion • Volstead Act • Provided govt. funding to enforce, but not enough available • Too much land to cover • bribes

  10. How did people get around Prohibition • Speakeasies • Hidden bars and nightclubs • Typically for Upper Class • Cops knew about them and did nothing • They drank there • They took bribes

  11. Bootleggers • People that smuggles alcohol in • Learned to make own • Prescriptions • Organized Crimes • Paid off police and court • Al Capone • 60 million off illegal alcohol sales

  12. Overall impact of Prohibition • Absenteeism down • Savings accounts up • Some mistreatment of immigrants • Most wanted it to end • 21st Amendment passed in 1933

  13. Section 2 • Young women ready for change from tradition • WWI presented new opportunities, allowed freedom • Media popularized image of “New Woman” • Flapper • Vamp • Neither as widespread as people like to think

  14. Idea of marriage changed • Crazy idea it should be based on love • Viewed as equal partnership • But still a long way to go to equality

  15. Exceptions? Women had to face Double Standards • Still responsible for housework, even if had job • Still expected to manage family • Also had to be careful when dating, or risk ridicule

  16. Housework did become more convenient through technology • Electricity • Vacuums, washing machines • Canned food and ready made clothes • Led to more leisure time and possibility of job

  17. Where could women work? • After war women had to give up factory jobs • Well educated: nurses and teachers • Unskilled: typists, secretaries and clerks • Not allowed to have management positions • Earned less money then men for same jobs

  18. Family? • Family changed in the 20s • Birthrate down • Birth control available through the work of Margaret Sanger • More people moving to cities so smaller families

  19. Children’s roles? • Children spent more time at school • Teens more rebellious • Media influenced them • New Music, Dancing, clothes pushed the edge • Less time with family and more time with friends

  20. Section 3 • Education • More students in high schools • 2-4 million • Industry jobs needed basic education • Offered voc. Training • Had to overcome language difficulties • Raised taxes to cover cost

  21. Mass Media • More newspapers read, but owned by less companies • National Magazines become popular • Readers Digest • Time

  22. Radio • Most powerful way to communicate news, events and entertainment • Advertisements • Went from a hobby in early 20’s to being in 40% of homes by late 20’s

  23. Leisure Time • By 1929 America spending 4.5 billion on leisure time • New Fads: • Crosswords • Cards • Egyptian goods • Flagpole sitting • Dance marathons

  24. Entertainment and Art • Lots of new and exciting art in the 20’s • Jazz Singer: 1st movie with sound 1927 • Disney makes first animated cartoon: Steamboat Willy

  25. Music • Music changed • Jazz came on the scene • Challenged status quo • Caused people to dance…together… • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDQpZT3GhDg

  26. Painting • New Styles • More color • Show glamour of 20s • O’Keeffe: used color to show brightness of NY • Hopper: showed loneliness of city

  27. Writer: F. Scott Fitzgerald: Coined the term Jazz Age Edith Wharton: Edna St. Vincent Millay: No title just theme TS Elliot: Ernest Hemingway: Pgs 450-451 Book/Poem title Theme

  28. Writing • New Themes • Isolation • Had been wounded in war • Live for today • The Lost Generation • Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby (excess of Americans after war) • Hemingway The Sun Also Rises (Simplistic writing style)

  29. Section 4 Harlem Renaissance • African Americans get voice in 1920’s • 1910-20:Great Migration • By 1929 40% of Af/Am live in cities • Faced racism, but better then S

  30. African American GoalsThree Roads • 1st Road • 1909 NAACP started by Dubois and Johnson • Worked to lay foundation so in the 20’s Af/Am could get footing culturally • Used legislation and publications like: “The Crisis” to make case known

  31. 2nd Road • Black Pride and Nationalism • Led by Marcus Garvey • Establish a colony in Africa

  32. 3rd Road Combine parts of both Step 1 and 2 • Renaissance: rebirth • Harlem • Literature, Art, Painting • Mostly educated and middle to upper class • Expose America to “Black” culture

  33. Who were the artists of the Harlem Renaissance? • Locke: Published New Negro: a book of collected works • McCay: novelist and poet • Showed life in ghettos • Toomer: Wrote Cane • Told story of N and S issues • Hughes: Poet and probably most known • Hurston: told the life of a Af/Am woman

  34. What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore-- And then run? Does it stink like rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over-- like a syrupy sweet? Maybe it just sags like a heavy load. Or does it explode?

  35. In Summary, the Renaissance was an important change because it led to acceptance of Af/Am on a grander scale • Still a ways to go for equality

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