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Russenorsk

Russenorsk. Cari McLean. Historical Background. used for trade and barter of Norwegian fish for Russian flour and grain. flann4.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/fisherman.jpg. Historical Background. used for trade and barter of Norwegian fish for Russian flour and grain

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Russenorsk

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  1. Russenorsk Cari McLean

  2. Historical Background • used for trade and barter of Norwegian fish for Russian flour and grain flann4.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/fisherman.jpg

  3. Historical Background • used for trade and barter of Norwegian fish for Russian flour and grain • contact limited to summer months flann4.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/fisherman.jpg

  4. Historical Background • used for trade and barter of Norwegian fish for Russian flour and grain • contact limited to summer months • started in late 1700’s flann4.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/fisherman.jpg

  5. Historical Background • used for trade and barter of Norwegian fish for Russian flour and grain • contact limited to summer months • started in late 1700’s • degradation started around 1847 flann4.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/fisherman.jpg

  6. Historical Background • used for trade and barter of Norwegian fish for Russian flour and grain • contact limited to summer months • started in late 1700’s • degradation started around 1847 • definitive end in 1917 flann4.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/fisherman.jpg

  7. Sociolinguistic Background • adstrates • Russian • Norwegian http://www.norskfolkemuseum.no/en/Stories/Set-3/The-fisherman/

  8. Sociolinguistic Background • adstrates • Russian • Norwegian • lexical contributors • English • Dutch • Low German • Swedish • Finnish • French • Sami http://www.norskfolkemuseum.no/en/Stories/Set-3/The-fisherman/

  9. Trade Cities • Norway • Lofoten Islands • Tromsø • Hammerfest • Vardø http://www.atlapedia.com/online/maps/political/Scandinavia.htm

  10. Trade Cities • Norway • Lofoten Islands • Tromsø • Hammerfest • Vardø • Russia • Kola Peninsula http://www.atlapedia.com/online/maps/political/Scandinavia.htm

  11. Phonology фонология Fonologi • Norwegians and Russians did not change the phonology of their L1 in using Russenorsk http://members.tripod.com/Lake_Lillian/lofotfsk.jpg

  12. Phonology фонологияFonologi • Norwegians and Russians did not change the phonology of their L1 in using Russenorsk • consonant clusters not found in both languages were simplified or avoided http://members.tripod.com/Lake_Lillian/lofotfsk.jpg

  13. Lexicon лексиконOrdbok • roughly, Russian and Norwegian contribute equally in lexicon Russia Norway http://www.knaw.nl/ecpa/sepia/images/noor.jpg http://rasputin.clueinc.net/auto_exh/RPCCollective?id=286670&from=1

  14. Lexicon лексикон Ordbok • roughly, Russian and Norwegian contribute equally in lexicon • words from other languages can be seen as well • Ex: Sami word for ‘and’ is ‘ja’ http://www.knaw.nl/ecpa/sepia/images/noor.jpg http://rasputin.clueinc.net/auto_exh/RPCCollective?id=286670&from=1

  15. Lexicon лексикон Ordbok • roughly, Russian and Norwegian contribute equally in lexicon • words from other languages can be seen as well • Ex: Sami word for ‘and’ is ‘ja’ • there can be variability in the lexicon between speakers, but some words are invariable • Norwegian ‘fiske’ always used Russian ‘rybe’ never used • Russian pronouns ‘moja’ 1 SG and ‘tvoja’ 2 SG Norwegian ‘jeg’ or ‘du’ rarely used

  16. Lexicon лексикон Ordbok • roughly, Russian and Norwegian contribute equally in lexicon • words from other languages can be seen as well • Ex: Sami word for ‘and’ is ‘ja’ • there can be variability in the lexicon between speakers, but some words are invariable • Norwegian ‘fiske’ always used Russian ‘rybe’ never used • Russian pronouns ‘moja’ 1 SG and ‘tvoja’ 2 SG Norwegian ‘jeg’ or ‘du’ rarely used

  17. Morphology морфология Morfologi • ‘-om’ marks verbs, possibly of Russian origin • ‘-a’ marks nouns RN:tvojakopomoreka? you buy nut You buy nuts?

  18. Morphology морфологияMorfologi • ‘-om’ marks verbs, probably of Russian origin • ‘-a’ marks nouns RN:tvojakopomoreka? you buy nut You buy nuts? • ‘ja’ and ‘jes’ used as coordinating conjunctions

  19. Morphology морфология Morfologi • ‘-om’ marks verbs, probably of Russian origin • ‘-a’ marks nouns RN:tvojakopomoreka? you buy nut You buy nuts? • ‘ja’ and ‘jes’ used as coordinating conjunctions • ‘-mann’ designated nationality, ethnicity, or occupation in Norgwegian and Russenorsk Ex: russmann Russian burmann Norwegian/fisherman kukmann merchant

  20. Syntax синтаксисSyntaks • canonical word order is SVO RN: mojakopomfiska I buy fish I buy fish.

  21. Syntax синтаксис Syntaks • canonical word order is SVO RN: mojakopomfiska I buy fish I buy fish. • SOV word order if phrase contains an adverb RN:moja tri vekkelstannom I three week stand I stayed three weeks.

  22. negator (Norsk ‘ikke’ or Russian ‘njet’) is restricted to second position, a rule not found in Norsk or Russian RN: på den dag ikkerussefolkrobotom onthat daynotRussianswork On that day, Russians don’t work.

  23. negator (Norsk ‘ikke’ or Russian ‘njet’) is restricted to second position, a rule not found in Norsk or Russian RN: på den dag ikkerussefolkrobotom onthat daynotRussianswork On that day, Russians don’t work. • lack of grammatical temporal markers, so adverbials used RN: kanskemorradagmerapris maybe tomorrowmoreprice Maybe the price will be higher tomorrow/later.

  24. ‘værsgo’ marks imperative and is placed phrase initial RN: værsgojupåmojaskibvaskom please youonmyshipwash Clean my ship.

  25. ‘værsgo’ marks imperative and is placed phrase initial RN: værsgojupåmojaskibvaskom please youonmyshipwash Clean my ship. • ‘kanske’ marks epistemic modality or futurity and is placed phrase initially RN: kanskelitatjaidrikkom? maybesome teadrink Do you want to drink some tea?

  26. some words lost their original meaning and were used to close a locative copula in certain phrases, similar to use of ‘ste’ in HPE HPE: hi stemaui He is in Maui temporarily. RN: mojapåstovapåKristussprekstannom I on house on Christ speak stay I was in church.

  27. Kotsinas makes the argument that the generalized ‘komme’ comes from Immigrant Swedish (IS) RN: værsågo, burmann, påskibkomm please fisherman on ship come Come aboard, fisherman. RN: burmankomfiska fishermancome fish Give me the fish. RN: nokkalitepjankom a little drunk came I got a bit drunk.

  28. The 'på' Problem • Russenorsk has only one preposition, ‘på’ and is generalized • Norwegian is ‘på’ • Russian is ‘po’ RN: mojakrankpåmaga I sick on stomach I have a stomach-ache. RN: japå madam Klerck tri dagaligge ne I on Madame Klerck three days lie down I stayed at Madame Klerck’s estate for three days.

  29. på cont… • på can also used to mark an indirect object and possession • direct objects may or may not be marked with ‘på’ RN: mojapaajupresentombaanbaan I on you give candy I will give you candy. RN: mera better påmoja more better on me It is better for me. RN: påtvojakona? on you wife Do you have a wife?

  30. på cont… • preverbal ‘på’ is inconsistent and there is not an agreed upon explanation; maybe can be explained by Russian influence RN: davajpaaslipom Russian: Davajpospim. Let us sleep.

  31. Russenorsk as a Pidgin • no native speakers http://pro.corbis.com

  32. Russenorsk as a Pidgin • no native speakers • function words rarely occur http://pro.corbis.com http://pro.corbis.com

  33. Russenorsk as a Pidgin • no native speakers • function words rarely occur • no copula http://pro.corbis.com http://pro.corbis.com

  34. Russenorsk as a Pidgin • no native speakers • function words rarely occur • no copula • temporal adverbs used http://pro.corbis.com http://pro.corbis.com

  35. Russenorsk as a Pidgin • no native speakers • function words rarely occur • no copula • temporal adverbs used • simplified phonology http://pro.corbis.com http://www.ascp.ru/en_htm/3.htm

  36. Russenorsk as a Pidgin • no native speakers • function words rarely occur • no copula • temporal adverbs used • simplified phonology • derivational morphology http://pro.corbis.com http://pro.corbis.com

  37. Bibliography Arends, Jacques, Pieter Muysken, and Norval Smith. Pidgins and Creoles: an Introduction. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1995. Haugen, Einar I. Beginning Norwegian: A Grammar and Reader. New York: Appleton Century Crofts, Inc, 1937. Jahr, Ernst Håkon, and IngvildBroch. “On the Pidgin Status of Russenorsk.” Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monograph, no. 88 (1996): 107-122. Kotsinas, Ulla-Britt. “Aspect Marking and Grammaticalization in Russenorsk Compared with Immigrant Swedish.” Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monograph, no. 88 (1996): 123-154. Lunden, Siri Sverdrup. Russenorsk: Revisited. Olso: Universiteteti Oslo, 1978. Parkvall, Mikael. “Language Contact in the Arctic: Reviews.” Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, no. 15 (2000): 189-198. Press, Ian. A History of the Russian Language and its Speakers. LincomEuropa, 2007. Pul’kina, I.M. A Short Russian Reference Grammar. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1964. Pul’kina, I.M., and E.B. Zakhava-Nekrasova. Russian for English Speaking Students. London: Pergamon Printing and Art Services LTD., 1961. Schimizzi, J. Synonymy Among Russian Primary Prepositions. Ann Arbor: Xerox University Microfilms, 1974.

  38. Pictures and Sound Clips Hungerman Thanksgiving. Advanced Russian I. iTunes Podcast (downloaded Feb. 7, 2009). “The Fisherman.” NorskFolkemuseum. http://www.norskfolkemuseum.no/en/Stories/Set-3/The-fisherman/ (accessed Feb. 7, 2009) “History.” JSC Arkhangelsk Sea Commercial Port. http://www.ascp.ru/en_htm/3.htm (accessed Feb. 8, 2009). “Norwegian Phonology.” Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_phonology (accessed Feb. 7, 2009).  “Russian Phonology.” Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_phonology (accessed Feb. 7, 2009). “Useful Russian Phrases.” Omniglot: Writing Systems and Languages of the World. http://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/russian.php (accessed Feb. 7, 2009). Altapedia Online. http://www.atlapedia.com/online/maps/political/Scandinavia.htm (accessed Feb. 7, 2009). Norsk. iTunes Podcast (downloaded Feb. 7, 2009). http://flann4.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/fisherman.jpg (accessed Feb. 7, 2009). http://members.tripod.com/Lake_Lillian/lofotfsk.jpg (accessed Feb. 7, 2009).  http://pro.corbis.com (accessed Feb. 7, 2009).  http://rasputin.clueinc.net/auto_exh/RPCCollective?id=286670&from=1 (accessed Feb. 7, 2009)  http://www.knaw.nl/ecpa/sepia/images/noor.jpg (accessed Feb. 7, 2009) http://www.lofoten-info.no/Bilder/aa-old.jpg (accessed Feb. 7, 2009)

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